Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-98

Hydroelectric power is a leading source of renewable energy. Harnessing the power of moving water allows us to generate electricity cleanly. First, a massive dam is built across a river, creating a large reservoir behind it. This reservoir stores a vast quantity of water, which holds a lot of potential energy.

(21) __________ start the process, special gates in the dam are opened. Water from the reservoir is channeled into a large pipe called a penstock. Due to gravity, the water flows with immense force down the penstock, gaining speed and pressure along the way. The entire structure must be incredibly strong to (22) __________ this pressure.

At the bottom of the penstock, the fast-moving water strikes the blades of a turbine, causing it to spin rapidly. The turbine is connected by a long metal shaft to a generator. As the turbine turns, it also turns the generator. Power plants often (23) __________ multiple turbine-generator units to produce enough electricity.

Inside the generator, powerful magnets are used to convert the mechanical energy of the spinning shaft into electrical energy. An engineer once stated that the generator was the most crucial component for this conversion. Finally, transmission lines carry this electricity from the power plant to our homes, schools, and businesses.

After passing through the turbine, the water is released back into the river. When all is said and done, this process is an efficient way to produce power without burning fossil fuels. If we didn't use technologies like this, our carbon footprint (24) __________ significantly larger.

In an era where your entire music library fits in your pocket, thanks to streaming giants like Spotify and Apple Music, physical formats seem ancient. For many teenagers, music is an instant digital stream. Yet, amidst this digital dominance, an old technology has made a surprising comeback: vinyl records. [I] This trend begs a curious question: why are people, even younger generations, choosing records in the age of endless digital playlists?

Vinyl's resurgence lies in its unique sensory experience. Unlike intangible digital files, a record is a physical object you can hold and admire. The act of carefully removing the disc, placing it on the turntable, and lowering the needle becomes a ritual, deepening the connection. Enthusiasts often speak of a "warmer" or "richer" sound quality that digital formats sometimes lack. This tangibility extends to the large artwork and detailed liner notes, providing a more immersive artistic experience than a small digital image. [II]

Beyond the pure listening experience, vinyl taps into the desire for collecting and ownership. In a digital world, a record is a permanent piece of art. Many collectors enjoy the hunt for rare editions, completing discographies, or curating a physical library. This pursuit often fosters a vibrant community, with fans gathering in dedicated record stores, sharing discoveries, and discussing their passion. Purchasing vinyl is a more intentional act of support for favorite artists, offering a deeper connection than merely adding a song to a playlist. [III]

Vinyl's global comeback resonates strongly in Vietnam. In bustling Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, niche record stores and cafes dedicated to vinyl have become popular gathering spots. These places offer a haven for audiophiles and new listeners alike. Prominent V-Pop artists have also embraced the trend. For instance, singers like Hà Anh Tuấn have released special vinyl editions of their albums, transforming them into prized collector's items and offering a unique, tangible way for dedicated fans to cherish their music. [IV]

For teenagers accustomed to streamed music, buying a large record might seem counter-intuitive. Yet, the vinyl revival teaches us that music consumption isn't solely about instant access. It highlights a desire for a deeper, more focused listening experience—a break from digital distractions. While streaming offers convenience, vinyl invites a different kind of engagement: a mindful connection to the art, the artist, and the physical object itself. It’s a testament to the enduring appeal of the analog world, proving that sometimes, older technologies offer something truly special.