Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-91

Floating oil rigs are modern engineering marvels, huge platforms that operate far out in the ocean. A key challenge for engineers is how to keep these massive structures in place, especially in deep water where they cannot be fixed directly to the seabed. They must float safely on the surface for years without drifting away due to powerful ocean currents and winds. This remarkable feat is accomplished using one of two highly advanced anchoring systems, or sometimes a combination of both.

The first method is a traditional mooring system. This system uses (21) __________ massive mooring lines, which are often a combination of heavy chains and strong synthetic ropes. These lines connect the floating rig to special anchors that have been firmly secured deep on the seabed. Think of it like a giant ship's anchor, but far more complex. The network of lines is carefully arranged around the rig to hold it in a relatively fixed position, balancing the powerful forces of nature.

Designing a mooring system is an incredibly complex task. Engineers must carefully calculate the forces that will act on the rig, such as extreme weather conditions. The system must be strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and massive waves. (22) __________, it also needs to be flexible enough to allow for some small, safe movements. If the system were too rigid, the constant tension could cause the mooring lines to break under stress.

An alternative to mooring is a system called Dynamic Positioning (DP). This is a high-tech system that uses a set of powerful, computer-controlled propellers, known as thrusters. The computer constantly receives data from GPS satellites about the rig's exact location, as well as information about wind and water currents from sensors. It then automatically adjusts the thrusters to (23) __________ any drift. This means the rig is actively (24) __________ its position every second of the day.

The choice between a mooring system and Dynamic Positioning often depends on factors like water depth and specific operational requirements. For ultra-deep water, DP is often preferred. Sometimes, a hybrid system is the best solution, combining both mooring lines and thrusters for maximum stability. The principal goal, regardless of the method used, is to ensure the safety of the crew and the operational integrity of the multi-billion dollar platform.

Imagine your city: clean air, quiet streets, buildings breathing alongside you. This isn't just a fantasy; it's the vision behind eco-cities, urban areas designed to exist in harmony with nature. Globally, architects and urban planners are creating sustainable environments that support populations while protecting our planet. For young people, understanding these concepts is key to envisioning the places they will live, work, and thrive. The city you currently inhabit is constantly evolving, and picturing its green future can inspire innovative ideas for balanced urban living.

At the heart of an eco-city lies a commitment to sustainability across all sectors. Public transport systems run on electricity or hydrogen, making cars largely obsolete. Buildings generate their own power via solar panels or wind turbines, integrating rooftop gardens for insulation and air purification. Waste management becomes a closed loop, with extensive recycling and organic waste transformed into compost or bio-energy. Water is conserved through smart systems and reused efficiently. These integrated systems minimize environmental impact, fostering healthier living for residents. [I]

[II] The government has approved ambitious plans for 'smart cities' and eco-districts, recognizing the urgent need for greener urban solutions. [III] A prime example is the Ecopark urban area near Hanoi. This large-scale development showcases many eco-city principles, boasting vast green spaces, lakes, and a focus on community living while integrating sustainable practices. It offers a glimpse into how Vietnamese urban landscapes can evolve into vibrant, environmentally conscious communities.

[IV] So, what might your everyday life be like in an eco-city in Vietnam? Picture waking up to the gentle hum of nature, not traffic, with your school or community center a short walk or electric bike ride through tree-lined paths. Your apartment might feature vertical farms, providing fresh produce, and shared green spaces for relaxation. Classrooms could be naturally lit and cooled, surrounded by gardens. Weekends might involve community farming projects or exploring urban parks, enjoying truly fresh air in a bustling, yet balanced, metropolis.

These eco-cities are not distant dreams but tangible goals, and young people like you will be at the forefront of their realization. Understanding sustainability principles and actively participating in urban development discussions can shape the world you inherit. The future of Vietnam's cities could be one where progress and nature coexist seamlessly, where innovation serves the planet, and every resident enjoys a higher quality of life. By envisioning these possibilities today, we pave the way for greener, healthier, and more harmonious urban landscapes tomorrow.