Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-90

The gasoline that powers millions of cars every day begins its journey as crude oil, a thick, dark liquid found deep beneath the Earth's surface. This non-renewable resource is not a single substance but a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons. To become useful, this raw material must first undergo a transformation process at a large industrial facility known as a refinery.

First, the crude oil is transported to the refinery, where it is heated in a large furnace to an extremely high temperature, around 400°C. This intense heat causes most of the oil to vaporize, turning it into a hot mix of gas and liquid. The (21) __________ of this critical first step is essential for the quality of the final products.

Next, this superheated mixture is pumped into a tall fractional distillation tower. This is where the main separation happens. As the hot vapor mixture rises inside the tower, it gradually cools. Substances with higher boiling points, like bitumen for roads, condense back into liquid at the hot bottom section. Lighter substances with lower boiling points continue to rise higher. Gasoline vapor, being very light, travels to the highest part of the tower before it condenses.

Engineers (22) __________ a vital role in carefully monitoring the temperature differences within the tower. The temperature at each level must be precisely controlled to isolate different fuels effectively. Once condensed, these separated liquids, or 'fractions', are (23) __________ into different pipes for further processing. (24) __________ is this process complex, but it is also fundamental to our modern world, providing fuel for transportation and other industries.

Gasoline is just one of many products. Other fuels like diesel and jet fuel are also collected from the tower, but at different, lower levels where the temperature is still very hot. In conclusion, the refining of crude oil is a sophisticated process that uses heat to separate a raw mixture into many essential fuels that power our daily lives.

Virtual Reality (VR) often evokes images of thrilling video games. Yet, this technology extends far beyond leisure, emerging as an indispensable tool for professional training in high-stakes fields. VR’s ability to create realistic, interactive simulations is revolutionizing how we prepare for complex tasks. From intricate surgical procedures to mastering aircraft controls, VR is proving transformative, offering unparalleled skill development in safe, controlled environments. This immersive technology allows individuals to practice critical skills repeatedly, building confidence and competence before facing real-world challenges where precision and accuracy are paramount.

[I] In medicine, flawless performance is immense, making traditional training costly. VR offers a revolutionary solution, allowing aspiring doctors to practice delicate surgeries and complex diagnostic procedures without patient risk. Students can virtually dissect models, simulate emergency scenarios, or conduct microsurgeries, repeating steps until mastery. This safe, hands-on experience hones precision, decision-making skills, and spatial awareness, reducing errors when transitioning to real-world operations. It provides a unique opportunity to encounter rare conditions or complications in a controlled setting, preparing medical professionals for diverse situations.

[II] While flight simulators are crucial, VR provides an even more immersive and cost-effective experience. Pilots can virtually step into various cockpits, experiencing diverse weather conditions, engine failures, and emergencies too dangerous or impractical to replicate physically. They practice complex maneuvers, instrument readings, and critical decision-making under stress, ensuring preparedness before controlling an aircraft carrying hundreds of lives. This greatly enhances safety and reduces the financial burden of traditional flight hours.

This innovative VR application is not confined to global tech hubs; it's increasingly making its mark in countries like Vietnam. Recognizing VR’s immense potential for practical, risk-free training, leading institutions such as those affiliated with FPT University are actively integrating VR simulations into their curricula. [III] These efforts aim to equip future Vietnamese doctors, engineers, and pilots with cutting-edge skills through safe, repeatable environments mirroring real-world complexities. By embracing VR, Vietnam positions its next generation of professionals to meet global standards and excel.

So, while you might associate Virtual Reality primarily with games, it’s crucial to see its profound impact on life-saving professions. This "gaming" technology is becoming instrumental in preventing accidents and saving lives, from a surgeon practicing a heart operation to a pilot rehearsing an emergency landing. It demonstrates how innovations for entertainment can evolve into powerful tools with tangible, real-world benefits. [IV] Understanding these serious applications reveals VR as more than a playful gadget; it’s a technology shaping professional excellence and global safety.