Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-88

Steel is one of the most important industrial materials in the world, used in everything from skyscrapers to cutlery. But how is this strong and versatile metal created? The journey begins with a raw material called iron ore, and the entire transformation process is quite fascinating. Fundamentally, steel is produced by adding carbon to iron.

The first major step is heating the iron ore in a special, massive oven called a blast furnace, where temperatures can reach over 1,500 degrees Celsius. This intense heat melts the iron ore, separating the iron from other natural materials. The result of this stage is a hot, liquid iron, which is the base ingredient for making steel.

Once the liquid iron is ready, it is mixed with a carefully measured amount of carbon. This is the most critical part of the process, as it is the carbon that turns iron into steel, creating a new material known as an alloy. The amount of carbon added is (21) __________ because it determines how hard and strong the final steel will be.

(22) __________, other elements are sometimes added to give the steel special properties, such as resistance to rust. A crucial step is to remove impurities from the molten metal. (23) __________ these unwanted substances, like sulfur and phosphorus, must be cleared away as they can weaken the final product.

This final cleaning step has a significant (24) __________ on the steel's properties, ensuring it is much stronger and more durable than pure iron. Because of this enhanced strength and versatility, steel remains a cornerstone of modern construction and manufacturing.

The art world has always evolved, but few shifts have been as profound as the rise of digital art. For centuries, art's value was linked to its physical form – a canvas, a sculpture. Today, can a JPEG file, a string of pixels, truly hold the same significance and worth as a painted masterpiece? The answer, surprisingly to many, is yes. Digital creations now fetch astonishing prices, challenging our very definition of art and ownership in the 21st century. [I]

Digital art uses software for creations from intricate illustrations to generative code. Its perceived lack of scarcity long hindered its market value; anyone could right-click and save a copy. [II] An NFT is a unique digital certificate on a blockchain, proving ownership of a specific digital asset. While the digital image can be endlessly replicated and viewed, the NFT represents the original, verifiable "title deed" to that specific digital file, creating a new form of digital scarcity and collectibility. [III]

So, why pay millions for an NFT of easily downloadable art? The value lies not in the physical exclusivity, but in the verifiable ownership and cultural significance of that unique digital token. It's like owning an autographed print versus a mass-produced one: the image is the same, but the signature confers unique value. NFTs transform digital art from endlessly reproducible images into distinct, ownable assets, fostering communities, status, and investment opportunities, similar to traditional art markets, but for a new digital medium. [IV]

This global phenomenon echoes vibrantly in Vietnam. A burgeoning community of Vietnamese digital artists explores the NFT space, using it as a powerful new avenue to showcase unique artistic voices and reach a global audience directly, bypassing traditional galleries. Platforms and communities like the Vietnam NFT Union have emerged, providing support, education, and a collaborative environment for these creators. This empowers local talent to participate in and shape the future of digital art internationally, turning digital masterpieces into valuable global assets.

For young people navigating a digital-first world, this shift is highly relevant. You're growing up where digital presence and digital assets hold significant weight. Understanding the value of digital art and NFTs isn't just about art history; it's about grasping evolving concepts of ownership, intellectual property, and what defines value in a virtual economy. As technology blurs lines between physical and digital, the question of whether a JPEG can be as valuable as a painting prompts us to rethink art, investment, and future digital interactions.