Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-76

Have you ever wondered how your smartphone screen knows exactly where you touch it? Most modern mobile devices use what is called a capacitive touchscreen. The screen is not just one piece of glass; it is made of multiple layers. The top layer is often made of (21) __________ special, durable glass, and beneath it are layers that conduct electricity.

These conductive layers have a constant, invisible electrical field across them. When your finger, which is also conductive, touches the screen's surface, it disrupts this electrical field at the precise point of contact. This change in electrical charge is tiny, but it's enough for the device to detect. The screen does not feel pressure; it only senses this electrical change.

The device's controller, a component which is part of the processor, then immediately figures out where the disruption occurred. A user manual might state that a user (22) __________ the screen with a bare finger for the technology to work correctly. This location data is then sent to the phone's operating system, which carries out the command you intended, like opening an app.

This entire process works Because the human body can conduct electricity. The natural moisture and salts on your skin make your finger a perfect tool for this interaction. This unique property allows the device (23) __________ your gestures and taps with incredible accuracy. You can see why using a regular plastic pen does not work on your phone screen!

So, the next time you use your phone, remember the simple but brilliant science at play. It is a great example of clever engineering that we use every day. Understanding it is not too difficult once you (24) __________. If human skin were not conductive, this amazing technology would not exist today.

Can your smartphone truly take photos as good as a professional camera? This question, once met with skepticism, now reflects incredible technological progress. Modern smartphones feature impressive optics and powerful computational photography, blurring the lines between casual snapshots and genuine artistry. In fact, "mobile photography" has blossomed into a recognized artistic genre, complete with prestigious competitions and high-profile exhibitions. These events proudly showcase stunning images captured solely on pocket-sized devices, challenging the old idea that only expensive, bulky gear delivers professional results.

So, what empowers these pocket powerhouses? Beyond high megapixel counts, it’s the sophisticated software and advanced sensors packed into thin bodies. Smartphones excel in convenience, always on hand to capture fleeting moments. Features like HDR, Night Mode, and AI enhancements automatically optimize images, often correcting lighting and exposure imbalances that would traditionally require manual adjustments. While lacking the larger sensors or interchangeable lenses of professional cameras, their computational abilities compensate significantly, making high-quality photography incredibly accessible.

This accessibility has profoundly shaped visual culture, especially in Vietnam. [I] Here, the "sống ảo" (virtual living) culture thrives, fueled almost entirely by smartphone photography. Young people meticulously craft online personas, using phone cameras to capture daily life, food, and fashion. [II] They then refine these images with popular editing apps like Ulike. The goal is not just to document, but to create a perfect online aesthetic. This phenomenon shows how smartphones are instruments for shaping and presenting reality visually, not just capturing it.

While your smartphone’s advanced features can produce stunning visuals, the true magic of photography lies not in the device, but in the person behind it. [III] Learning about composition – how elements are arranged – understanding lighting, and mastering storytelling are what truly elevate a photograph. [IV] These crucial skills transcend specific camera models, allowing photographers to convey emotion, evoke thought, or simply capture beauty effectively.

Ultimately, your smartphone camera is an incredibly powerful tool, one you already own and use daily. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to think and act like a real photographer without specialized gear. By focusing on the artistic elements – composition, light, and narrative – rather than just technical specs, you can transform everyday snaps into something truly special. So, next time you use your phone, challenge yourself not just to take a picture, but to create one, harnessing its potential to tell your unique visual story.