Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-66

The world’s oceans are constantly in motion, not just on the surface but also in their depths. These massive movements of water, known as ocean currents, act like giant rivers flowing through the sea. These movements are driven mainly by two key forces: wind and differences in water density.

Surface currents, which affect the top 400 meters of the ocean, are (21) __________ caused by the wind blowing across the water’s surface. As the wind blows, it pushes the water, creating a flow. The friction between the wind and the water results in the water moving in the same direction as the wind, transferring enormous amounts of energy.

Deep ocean currents, (22) __________, are not controlled by wind but by changes in water density. Density is influenced by both temperature and salinity (the amount of salt in the water). Water that is colder or has a higher salt content is more denser than warmer, less salty water. This difference in density has a significant effect on how water moves in the deep ocean, as the denser water sinks below the less dense water.

This process creates a massive, slow-moving circulation system, often called the 'global conveyor belt', (23) __________ transports water around the entire planet. Cold, salty, dense water sinks in the polar regions and travels along the ocean floor. Eventually, it rises back to the surface in warmer areas, where it is warmed by the sun before circulating again.

In summary, ocean currents (24) __________ a vital role in distributing heat and nutrients around the world, influencing weather patterns and supporting marine ecosystems. Understanding the forces of wind, temperature, and salinity is key to understanding this essential global system. Both surface and deep currents are critical components of Earth's climate.

Have you ever dreamt of turning your digital designs into something tangible you can hold? That dream is swiftly becoming a reality thanks to 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing. This incredible technology allows you to create physical objects directly from a computer design, layer by painstaking layer. It's revolutionizing how we prototype new products and create custom items, moving beyond traditional manufacturing methods. From intricate machine parts to artistic sculptures, 3D printing is transforming industries worldwide, making the impossible tangible. [I]

For students, 3D printing isn't just industrial innovation; it’s about making your school projects truly stand out. Imagine designing and printing a detailed, scaled model of a volcano for geography, rather than just drawing it. For art, you could sculpt unique jewelry on screen and watch it materialize. Even a custom phone case becomes possible. This technology takes your creative ideas from a screen and brings them to vibrant, touchable life, making learning more engaging. It allows for a level of customization and interactivity previously unimaginable in typical school assignments. [II]

So, how does this fascinating process work? It begins with a 3D design using specialized software on a computer, like drawing in three dimensions. This digital file is sent to the 3D printer. The printer operates by extruding thin layers of material, often plastic, one on top of the other. It meticulously builds the object from the base upwards. Each layer fuses until your entire object emerges, a complete physical item. This remarkable transition turns your digital blueprint into a tangible reality, ready for you to examine and use. [III]

The accessibility of 3D printing is growing rapidly, even here in Vietnam. Leading Vietnamese universities, like Hanoi University of Science and Technology, have recognized its immense potential. They’ve established "Fab Labs" (Fabrication Laboratories), dedicated workshops with 3D printers and advanced tools. These labs encourage student innovation, providing space for aspiring engineers and designers to turn academic theories into practical inventions. This reflects Vietnam's embrace of future technologies, offering students incredible opportunities to create and contribute to a rapidly evolving world.

The implications for your school projects are immense. Imagine not just illustrating historical artifacts but printing miniature replicas, or designing complex biological models for science class you can assemble. Beyond transforming assignments, engaging with 3D printing teaches invaluable skills: design thinking, problem-solving, and digital literacy – all crucial for the 21st century. As technology evolves, understanding additive manufacturing will open doors to careers in engineering, design, medicine, and countless other fields, empowering you to shape the world, one printed object at a time. [IV]