Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-64

Deep beneath the Earth's surface, it is incredibly hot. This intense heat can melt rock, creating a thick, flowing substance called magma. This magma is stored in (21) __________ huge underground pool known as a magma chamber. First, for an eruption to happen, this molten rock begins to move. Due to being lighter than the solid rock around it, the magma slowly (22) __________ towards the surface.

As the magma gets closer to the surface, dissolved gases within it, like water vapor and carbon dioxide, start to form bubbles. This process is similar to opening a can of soda. The formation of these bubbles causes the pressure inside the magma chamber and the channels leading to the surface to keep (23) __________ higher and higher. This immense pressure builds up over time and acts like a powerful piston.

The solid rock above the magma chamber is a major obstacle. Therefore, the magma needs an incredible amount of force to find a way out. Geologists have explained that if the pressure became too great, the volcano would almost certainly erupt. This force eventually becomes strong enough to crack the rock, creating a main pathway called a vent.

Finally, the moment of eruption arrives. If you (24) __________ witness this event from a safe distance, you would see a spectacular display of nature's power. Pushed by the intense pressure from below, the magma shoots up through the vent. When the magma erupts onto the surface, it is called lava. The volcano finally lets off steam in a powerful explosion of ash, gas, and lava.

The lava can then flow out, sometimes slowly and other times very quickly, covering the land around the volcano. Over time, this cooled lava and ash build up to form the familiar cone shape of a volcano. Each eruption can change the landscape, creating new land and reminding us of the powerful geological forces at work inside our planet.

In today's digital age, online reviews are indispensable tools for consumers. Before trying a new restaurant or buying a product, many instinctively check ratings and comments, trusting them for genuine insights. However, this powerful system isn't always used as intended. Sometimes, these digital tools become weapons in a phenomenon called 'review bombing.' This occurs when a large group intentionally leaves a flood of negative reviews as a protest, regardless of their actual experience, turning a helpful guide into a tool for collective digital action. [I]

Review bombing is a potent form of digital activism. It typically erupts after a public controversy, like a viral video of poor customer service or an owner's statement sparking outrage. Suddenly, hundreds, even thousands, of one-star ratings and scathing comments appear, drastically plummeting a business's overall score. [II]

While review bombing might feel like a justified response, its impact on the targeted business can be devastating. For restaurants, a sudden drop in ratings means significant loss of customers and revenue. [III] Potential diners, seeing terrible average scores, will likely choose elsewhere, even if bad reviews are based on an isolated incident or a coordinated attack unrelated to food quality. This raises serious ethical questions: Is it fair to cripple a livelihood over a single event or a possibly exaggerated controversy? [IV]

For teenagers, who heavily rely on online reviews to decide where to go or what to buy, understanding review bombing is crucial. You might unknowingly base decisions on manipulated data. When a popular spot suddenly has terrible reviews, pause and ask why. Is it genuinely poor service, or a coordinated attack? Learning to distinguish authentic feedback from weaponized reviews helps you become a more discerning consumer. It teaches you to look beyond the star rating and critically read content before judging.

Ultimately, the power of online reviews comes with significant responsibility. While digital platforms offer avenues for accountability, they shouldn't be used for mass punishment or unverified protests. Being a responsible online citizen means contributing constructively. Before participating in a review bomb, or sharing content promoting one, consider the real-world consequences for businesses. Your digital footprint matters; using online platforms thoughtfully ensures they remain valuable resources, not instruments of digital vigilantism.