Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-58

The Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu over 4,500 years ago, remains one of the world's most impressive ancient wonders. For centuries, people have asked how (21) __________ ancient civilization, without modern technology, could construct such a massive monument. The pyramid was built using more than two million stone blocks, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons. The precision and scale of the project are simply astounding.

First, the enormous stones were quarried from sites near and far. The main body of the pyramid used local limestone, but the more durable granite for important chambers was brought from Aswan, over 800 kilometers away. (22) __________ move these heavy blocks, workers likely used wooden sleds, which they pulled over wet sand to reduce friction. This method required a huge amount of organized labor, with thousands of people working together in a coordinated effort.

The next challenge was lifting the stones into place. Most experts agree that ramps were essential. One popular theory suggests a long, straight ramp was built up one side of the pyramid. Workers would then have to continue (23) __________ the sleds up the steep incline. Another theory suggests a spiral ramp was constructed, and engineers had to figure out how to support its weight as it wrapped around the pyramid.

Historians once believed that slave labor was used to build the pyramids. However, modern archaeological evidence suggests otherwise. Experts now report that the builders (24) __________ skilled, paid laborers who lived in a nearby, well-organized city. If their motivation had been purely for pay, the pyramids would not have been built with such incredible precision.

Ultimately, while many mysteries remain, our understanding of the pyramid's construction has advanced significantly. The combination of simple tools, clever techniques, and a massive, dedicated workforce made the impossible possible. The Great Pyramid is not just a tomb; it is a testament to human ingenuity and collaboration that continues to inspire awe.

Pollution is a pervasive challenge facing cities worldwide, from overflowing landfills to contaminated waterways. While governments often lead environmental efforts, a powerful movement of ordinary citizens is emerging, taking direct action to reclaim their local environments. These citizen-led groups, driven by passion and a shared vision, are proving that positive change starts at the grassroots level. They transform neglected spaces, cleaning rivers, beaches, and forests, demonstrating that individual commitment, when multiplied, creates significant impact against environmental degradation.

In Vietnam, a striking example of this global trend can be found in Ho Chi Minh City, where the volunteer group 'Sài Gòn Xanh' (Green Saigon) has captured national attention. Known for their courageous efforts cleaning heavily polluted urban canals, their work has become widely publicized on social media, transforming them into local heroes. These vital waterways, once choked with plastic waste, debris, and sludge, are slowly being revitalized thanks to Sài Gòn Xanh’s unwavering dedication. Their visible impact encourages others to join environmental initiatives. [I]

The task undertaken by Sài Gòn Xanh is far from glamorous. Donning protective gear, volunteers often wade through murky, foul-smelling water, battling layers of accumulated garbage. They meticulously remove plastic bottles, discarded furniture, old tires, and organic waste, often under the scorching sun. This arduous physical labor, performed consistently, has yielded remarkable results. Sections of canals that were once ecological dead zones are showing signs of life, with clearer water and reduced odors, a powerful testament to their perseverance. [II]

[III] Their highly visible operations serve as a poignant reminder to the public about the severe consequences of pollution and the importance of responsible waste disposal. By documenting and sharing their work online, they not only inspire new volunteers but also raise crucial awareness, sparking conversations about environmental stewardship. This volunteer spirit fosters a stronger sense of community responsibility, showing how dedicated individuals can ignite widespread change. [IV]

The story of Sài Gòn Xanh offers a crucial lesson, particularly for young people. It powerfully illustrates that you don't need to be a scientist or politician to contribute meaningfully to environmental protection. Every individual, regardless of age or background, possesses the capacity to make a difference. Small, consistent actions – whether volunteering for a cleanup, reducing your own waste, or raising awareness among friends – can collectively lead to profound and visible impacts. Their heroism lies in persistent, collaborative effort to heal their city’s waterways.