Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-52

A dam is a huge barrier built across a river or stream to hold back water. Its primary function is to store water in a large, man-made lake called a reservoir. To do this job, a dam needs to be incredibly strong to resist the constant force of the water it contains. The design must be very precise to ensure safety and efficiency.

Behind the dam, the water in the reservoir creates enormous pressure against the structure's face. This pressure increases with depth, which is why a dam is usually much thicker at its base than at its top. A dam is a truly (21) __________ structure, often made of concrete or earth, built to last for many decades. The foundation is the thickest part of the dam, anchored deep into the ground to provide stability against the immense force.

To manage the water level and generate electricity, engineers need a way to release water in a controlled manner. They use special gates built into the dam. By opening or closing these gates, they can adjust how much water flows through. Engineers must carefully calculate the amount of water to release, balancing the needs of agriculture, power generation, and flood prevention.

Additionally, dams have a safety feature called a spillway. (22) __________ spillways provide a path for excess water to flow over or around the dam, they also prevent the water level from becoming dangerously high, especially after heavy rainfall. Preventing the dam from overflowing is essential for the safety of communities downstream. (23) __________ is a critical function that protects both the structure itself and the surrounding areas. Using these systems, engineers control the flow of water with great precision.

(24) __________, a dam is more than just a wall; it's a complex engineering system. It uses its strong structure to hold back water, creating a reservoir, and uses gates and spillways to control the release of that water. This careful management of one of nature's most powerful forces provides many benefits, from clean energy to reliable water supplies.

Stand-up comedy has truly conquered the global entertainment scene, transforming how millions find laughter. We've witnessed its explosion, largely thanks to streaming giants like Netflix, which host a vast array of comedy specials, and platforms like YouTube, where hilarious clips go viral in an instant. This art form, featuring a single person on stage with just a microphone, captivates audiences worldwide with its raw honesty, sharp wit, and unique perspectives. It’s a direct, unfiltered connection between comedian and crowd, offering an intimate and often thought-provoking comedic experience. [I]

In Vietnam, however, the comedic landscape has historically been dominated by a different form: hài kịch, or traditional group comedy. [II] This beloved style typically involves multiple actors performing elaborate skits, often with costumes, props, and intricate storylines, much like short plays designed for laughs. Hài kịch is deeply embedded in Vietnamese culture, frequently appearing on television, at festivals, and during special events. [III]

Yet, a new wave of solo stand-up comedy is steadily gaining momentum, particularly within Vietnam's bustling major cities. Groups like Saigon Tếu have been instrumental in pioneering and popularizing this format, building a dedicated following primarily among younger, open-minded audiences. These pioneers are carving out unique spaces where comedians test new material, share personal anecdotes, and connect with audiences on a more intimate level. It’s a fresh, exciting scene, providing a platform for voices that might not fit the hài kịch mold, and offering urban dwellers a different kind of night out. [IV]

For teenagers who regularly consume funny videos online, stand-up comedy offers a fascinating glimpse into the mechanics of humor. Imagine a single person on a stage, armed only with a microphone and quick wit, entertaining an entire room. This isn't just about telling jokes; it's about observing the world, finding humor in everyday situations, and turning personal experiences into relatable stories. It requires immense courage, sharp observational skills, and the ability to connect authentically. It's a masterclass in communication and self-expression, delivered one punchline at a time.

As Vietnam embraces global cultural trends, stand-up comedy is poised to become a significant force in its entertainment landscape. Its appeal lies in its immediacy, individual voice, and capacity to tackle contemporary issues through laughter. For a generation that values authenticity and personal connection, this new way to laugh is more than just a performance; it’s an interactive experience. While hài kịch will always hold a special place, solo stand-up offers a fresh, dynamic form of entertainment that speaks directly to modern audiences.