Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-47

A tsunami is a series of immense ocean waves caused by large-scale disturbances of the ocean. While often called 'tidal waves,' they are not related to tides. The most common trigger is a powerful undersea earthquake. When the tectonic plates beneath the ocean suddenly shift, they can move a massive volume of water, initiating the tsunami's destructive journey from the deep sea.

This sudden upward or downward movement of the seafloor results in the (21) __________ of the water column above it. This energy transfer creates waves that travel outwards in all directions from the earthquake's epicenter, (22) __________ starts a chain reaction that can affect coastlines thousands of kilometers away. These waves are often barely noticeable in the deep ocean.

In the open ocean, the tsunami waves are incredibly powerful. Not only do they travel at the speed of a jet airplane, sometimes more than 800 kilometers per hour, but they also retain most of their energy. This means they are often (23) __________ than regular storm waves, even if they are not as high in deep water.

However, the situation changes dramatically when a tsunami reaches shallower coastal areas. The wave's speed decreases, but its height increases significantly, creating a towering wall of water. It is vital that coastal communities have effective warning systems, as people must evacuate quickly to higher ground to be safe. The force of the incoming water is powerful enough to (24) __________ catastrophic damage to buildings and infrastructure.

In summary, the formation and travel of a tsunami is a clear process of energy transfer. It begins with a geological event on the seafloor and ends with a powerful hydrological force hitting the coast. Understanding this entire sequence is crucial for developing better warning systems and protecting coastal populations from one of nature's most formidable threats.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology you likely encounter daily, from playful Instagram filters to Snapchat lenses. AR overlays digital information onto the real world, blending the virtual with the physical. This isn't just for entertainment; it's rapidly emerging as a game-changer for online shopping. Imagine trying on clothes, testing furniture, or seeing new shoes, all from home, using your smartphone. This isn't science fiction; it’s becoming the future of how you’ll shop, transforming browsing into an interactive experience.

The concept of virtual try-on is revolutionizing how we interact with products online. For clothing, AR apps use your phone's camera to scan your body, creating a digital avatar or projecting the garment onto your live image. This lets you see how different sizes, styles, and colors fit, without physical changing rooms. Beyond fashion, it extends to cosmetics, allowing virtual makeup application, or home decor, enabling you to place a virtual sofa in your living room. The goal is a richer, more informed shopping experience, reducing product returns.

Major retail brands worldwide are quickly recognizing AR's potential. [I] Companies like Nike, Zara, and IKEA are already investing in AR applications to enhance customer engagement and streamline online purchases. [II] By offering a virtual "touch and feel" experience, AR boosts consumer confidence and differentiates retailers. It promises a more personalized and interactive journey, bridging the gap between online convenience and immersive in-store experiences.

Closer to home, AR adoption in retail is gaining traction in Vietnam, albeit in its early stages. [III] While large-scale virtual clothing try-ons are developing, many Vietnamese e-commerce platforms and beauty brands already leverage AR filters on popular social media. You might have seen ads allowing you to virtually "try on" different lipstick shades or eyeglasses. This localized experimentation showcases AR’s adaptability and its potential to integrate with the shopping habits of a digitally-savvy population, paving the way for more sophisticated virtual experiences. [IV]

For someone your age, adept at navigating the digital world and using AR filters, this shift in online shopping feels like a natural progression. The same technology for digital effects could soon help you decide on your next outfit or sneakers with greater confidence. AR is set to transform online shopping from a static, image-based experience into an personal and interactive one. As technology evolves, your phone might just become your most trusted personal shopper, bringing the fitting room directly to your fingertips, wherever you are.