Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-31

Have you ever wondered about the clothes you wear? While some fabrics like cotton come from plants, many others are man-made. Nylon is a well-known example of a synthetic fabric, and its creation is a fascinating scientific process. This process starts not on a farm, but in a laboratory, with raw materials that are very different from the final product.

The basic ingredients for nylon are chemicals which are derived from crude oil. These specific chemicals are combined in a high-pressure environment. This carefully controlled reaction creates long, repeating chains of molecules called polymers. These chains are what give synthetic fabrics their characteristic strength and durability. The entire mixture becomes a thick, hot liquid, ready for the next stage of production.

Next, the hot liquid polymer is forced through a special device with tiny holes, called a spinneret. This is similar to how a spider spins its web. As the liquid is pushed out of the holes, it quickly cools and solidifies, (21) __________ long, thin strands known as fibers. This step is critical for determining the thickness and texture of the final thread that will be used.

The newly formed fibers are not yet strong enough to be used in clothing. (22) __________, they are stretched to several times their original length. This stretching process, known as 'drawing', forces the polymer chains to align in a parallel structure. If the fibers were not stretched in this way, they would be weak and easily break. The alignment is what gives nylon its signature resilience and elasticity.

Finally, these strengthened fibers can be woven into fabric. The specific way they are woven (23) __________ different textures and properties in the final material. A leading textile engineer once remarked that the invention of nylon (24) __________ a new era for affordable and versatile clothing. Indeed, the ability to design materials with specific qualities plays a key role in modern fashion, from high-performance sportswear to everyday wear.

Fast fashion has revolutionized how we buy clothes, offering endless new styles at low prices. [I] However, beneath the surface of trendy outfits lies a significant environmental cost. This industry, designed for mass production and quick consumption, contributes heavily to global waste and pollution, challenging our planet's delicate balance. [II] Understanding this impact is crucial for anyone making fashion choices today.

The environmental footprint of fast fashion is staggering. Billions of garments are produced annually, often from synthetic materials like polyester that take centuries to decompose. [III] Manufacturing consumes vast water, especially for cotton, and relies on toxic dyes and chemicals that pollute waterways and soil. Clothing is designed to be disposable, creating mountains of textile waste in landfills worldwide, where it releases harmful greenhouse gases as it slowly breaks down. This rapid cycle creates an unsustainable burden on natural resources.

As awareness grows, a powerful counter-movement is gaining momentum: thrifting. This involves buying second-hand clothing, giving garments new life instead of contributing to demand for new production. The practice is not only eco-friendly, significantly reducing waste and the need for new resources, but it also offers unique appeal. Thrifters often discover one-of-a-kind pieces, developing personal style that stands out from mass-produced uniformity of fast fashion trends, making it an exciting alternative for conscious consumers.

In Vietnam, thrifting culture flourishes, especially among young people. While international fast fashion brands remain popular, a vibrant community dedicated to pre-loved items has emerged. Online stores and local markets, such as '2hand Vina', have become popular hubs for discovering unique, affordable, and sustainable clothing options. This trend reflects a growing consciousness among Vietnamese youth, embracing circular fashion as both a budget-friendly choice and a statement of environmental responsibility, transforming how they approach their wardrobes.

The clothes you choose to buy and wear have a direct link to the environment. [IV] Understanding fast fashion's impact versus thrifting's benefits empowers you to make informed decisions. By opting for second-hand items, you actively participate in reducing waste, conserving resources, and promoting a more sustainable future. Your wardrobe can become a powerful statement, reflecting not just personal style but also your commitment to a healthier planet, influencing the future of fashion.