Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-28

A geyser is a remarkable natural wonder, a hot spring that periodically erupts, shooting a tall column of water and steam into the air. This spectacular display is the result of a unique combination of geology and water. For a geyser to exist, groundwater must be able to seep deep into the earth. The process begins when rainwater and melted snow seeps down through cracks in the ground, collecting in underground reservoirs.

Deep beneath the surface, the Earth's crust is hot, often due to nearby magma. This intense heat warms the collected groundwater. The water travels through (21) __________ complex network of natural pipes and chambers, often called a geyser's 'plumbing system'. As the water at the bottom of these channels is heated, its temperature rises well above the normal boiling point. However, the weight of the cooler water above it creates immense pressure.

This pressure prevents the water from boiling immediately. Instead, the temperature continues to climb until some of the water finally flashes into steam. Because this steam has a much greater volume than water, immense pressure (22) __________ in the narrow channels. As this steam expands rapidly, it pushes the water above it upwards with incredible force, clearing the way for more steam to form below.

The result is a powerful eruption. The superheated water and steam are forced up through the plumbing and burst out of the ground. This creates the famous column of water that can shoot high into the sky. Early scientists reported that the eruption was often preceded by a loud roaring sound, a testament to the power being unleashed. Eventually, the pressure is released, the eruption stops, and the cycle begins again as the plumbing system refills with cooler water.

The frequency of these eruptions varies greatly. Some, like Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park, erupt quite regularly. For others, these magnificent displays happen only once in a blue moon. Geologists study these patterns closely. One noted that if a geyser's plumbing (23) __________ blocked by minerals, its eruption could change completely. The entire process is a delicate balance of water, heat, and pressure, (24) __________ it one of nature’s most fascinating performances.

The human spirit’s capacity to overcome immense challenges resonates globally, with countless inspiring tales of individuals rising from humble beginnings to extraordinary success. These "rags-to-riches" narratives underscore determination, hard work, and unwavering vision. In Vietnam, a shining example is Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo. Her journey, from a student selling goods on the streets to becoming the CEO of VietJet Air and Vietnam's first self-made female billionaire, shows what is possible when one dares to dream big. Her remarkable rise is a powerful reminder that humble origins are no barrier to achieving greatness.

Born into modest circumstances, Phương Thảo's early life showed an innate entrepreneurial drive. While studying in Eastern Europe, she began ventures in the late 1980s. She imported and distributed diverse goods from Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong, selling products to earn a living. This period, navigating international trade, honed her business acumen. This practical experience laid a crucial foundation, teaching her resilience and resourcefulness from a young age, preparing her for the much larger challenges and opportunities that lay ahead in her career.

Returning to Vietnam, Phương Thảo expanded her business empire, investing in finance, banking, and real estate. Her most transformative move came next. Recognizing Vietnam's burgeoning aviation market, she envisioned a low-cost airline, making air travel accessible. This bold idea led to VietJet Air's establishment in 2007. Despite initial skepticism and significant hurdles, her conviction remained unshaken. She meticulously built the airline, focusing on efficiency, customer experience, and an innovative business model that challenged existing norms.

[I] Under her leadership, VietJet Air rapidly expanded routes and fleet, becoming a dominant player in both domestic and international skies. [II] Its vibrant branding and affordable fares quickly captured a large market share, transforming the way Vietnamese people travel. [III] Her achievements are frequently highlighted in Vietnamese business circles, serving as a powerful narrative of homegrown success built on grit and foresight. [IV]

Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo's story is more than a business case; it's an inspiring saga about resilience and limitless potential. For young people, especially aged 14-15, her journey offers a vital lesson: your starting point in life does not dictate your ultimate destination. Whether facing challenges or setbacks, her example demonstrates that with unwavering ambition, smart decision-making, and courage to pursue unconventional paths, one can truly redefine their future and achieve audacious dreams, proving that true success stems from within.