Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-26

Before the age of electricity, people needed creative ways to power their machinery. For centuries, one of the most important sources of power was the water wheel. Old mills were typically (21) __________ near fast-flowing rivers or streams to take advantage of the water's natural energy. These structures were essential to local communities, performing tasks that would have required immense human or animal labor.

The principle behind a water wheel was simple but effective. A channel was built to direct a steady flow of water from the river towards the top or bottom of the wheel. The force of the water pushed against large paddles or buckets fixed to the wheel's rim. Millers often built small dams in order to control the speed and volume of the water, ensuring the wheel operated at a consistent pace. This continuous push from the water caused the large wheel to rotate steadily.

The rotational energy of the water wheel had to be transferred to the machinery inside the mill. This was achieved through a system of gears and shafts. The main axle of the water wheel was connected to other gears, which then started (22) __________ the millstones or other equipment. Historians explained how the machinery inside the mill worked together to perform a specific task. For example, in a gristmill, this power was used to turn heavy stones that ground wheat.

Mills had many different purposes. The most common type was the gristmill, which was used to grind (23) __________ into flour for making bread. Other mills were designed to saw wood, pump water out of mines, or power bellows for a blacksmith's forge. The entire operation depended on the river; if the river had frozen solid in a harsh winter, the wheel (24) __________ and all work would have ceased until the thaw.

The use of water wheels declined with the invention of the steam engine and later, electrical generators. These new technologies were more powerful and did not depend on a river's location. However, the water wheel was, by and large, a revolutionary technology for its time. It represents a key step in industrial history and demonstrates humanity's early genius in harnessing the power of nature.

The world is rapidly shifting away from physical cash. Digital transactions, mobile banking apps, and cashless payment systems are transforming how we interact with money globally. This digital revolution means financial management is increasingly about funds existing as data on a screen, offering unprecedented convenience and speed. However, with this new power comes significant responsibility, especially as more aspects of our daily lives, particularly financial ones, are handled through our smartphones.

In Vietnam, this digital transformation is particularly vivid. E-wallets like MoMo and ZaloPay aren't just niche options; they are deeply integrated into daily life. Picture buying your favorite trà sữa with a quick QR scan, splitting bills instantly, or even sending lucky money during Tết with a few phone taps. These apps make financial interactions incredibly seamless and accessible, blurring the lines between cash and digital funds, making online money management a daily reality for millions, including younger generations.

For young people aged 14 or 15, understanding this digital landscape is becoming crucial. Soon, your allowance might land directly in your e-wallet, or your first part-time job earnings could be transferred digitally. The days of solely relying on physical cash are quickly fading for many. As you gain independence, managing money effectively will be a key life skill, with much of it happening online. This isn't just about spending; it's about saving, tracking, and understanding your finances. [I]

So, are you truly ready to navigate this digital financial world? Managing online money requires different skills than handling cash. [II] It means understanding security like strong passwords and two-factor authentication to protect funds from cyber threats. [III] A mistake with physical money might mean a lost bill, but an online error could have larger, more immediate consequences if not handled carefully and knowledgeably. [IV]

Embracing your first e-wallet is an exciting step towards financial independence, but also an opportunity to build essential digital literacy. Learning how to use these platforms securely and responsibly now will empower you to make smarter financial decisions in the future. By understanding the ins and outs of digital money management – from protecting personal information to budgeting wisely – you'll not only be ready for the cashless world but also equipped to thrive, ensuring your digital wallet is a tool for empowerment, not a source of unexpected trouble.