Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-25

How do we define a 'day'? On Earth, we think of it as 24 hours. However, the scientific definition is a bit more specific. A day on any planet is the amount of time it takes for that planet to rotate one complete time on its axis. This is known as a sidereal day. The time it takes for a planet to finish (21) __________ one full circle determines the length of its day.

Every planet spins on an imaginary line called its axis, which runs through its center from the North Pole to the South Pole. (22) __________ understand this better, imagine a spinning top. Just like the top, a planet's rotation creates the cycle of day and night. The side of the planet facing its star experiences daytime, while the opposite side is in darkness, experiencing nighttime.

Not all planets spin at the same speed. For example, Earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours. In contrast, Jupiter spins very quickly, completing a rotation in just under 10 hours. Early astronomers reported that Jupiter spun much faster than Earth. Venus, on the other hand, rotates incredibly slowly; one day on Venus is longer than its entire year!

The speed of rotation has a significant impact on a planet's climate and environment. If a planet spun very slowly, its days and nights (23) __________ extremely long. This would cause extreme temperature differences between the day and night sides. Scientists had to figure out the different rotation speeds for each planet using advanced telescopes and calculations to understand these effects.

Therefore, defining a 'day' is not as simple as just saying '24 hours'. It's a fundamental concept in astronomy that depends entirely on a planet's unique rotation. Studying these differences is fascinating, and for astronomers who research celestial mechanics, it's all (24) __________.

Imagine transforming discarded plastic bottles into vibrant sculptures, or old fabric scraps into high-fashion. This isn't just creative play; it's environmental art. Globally, artists embrace 'upcycling' – converting waste into new, higher-value products – and 'trashion,' fashion from trash. Their creations aren't just beautiful; they're striking reminders of our consumption habits and the growing waste challenge. By repurposing discards, these visionaries compel us to reconsider materials, turning trash into thought-provoking masterpieces that demand attention and spark vital conversations about our ecological footprint.

[I] The core message of environmental art is both urgent and inspiring. Each piece, from colossal outdoor installations of salvaged electronics to intricate jewelry from bottle caps, confronts us with humanity's vast waste. [II] Their work becomes a powerful call to action, urging us to look beyond immediate disposal, consider an item's lifecycle, and shift towards mindful consumption and creative reuse. [III] It’s a visual protest and a hopeful demonstration of what’s possible.

This global trend resonates deeply in Vietnam, where creativity often flourishes despite resource constraints. [IV] Public art projects leverage recycled materials to create stunning murals and sculptures, beautifying urban landscapes while conveying strong environmental messages. The iconic Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a prime example, repurposing countless discarded pottery shards. This artwork transformed a long embankment into a vibrant, historical tapestry, demonstrating how waste can become a source of national pride and a powerful visual statement, inspiring community engagement in environmental stewardship.

For young people, this movement offers a compelling pathway to make a real difference. It shows how personal creativity can be a potent tool for environmental advocacy. If you enjoy drawing, sculpting, fashion design, or photography, combine these artistic passions with a deep care for the planet. Imagine designing an outfit from old newspapers for a school project, or creating a sculpture from collected plastic for your local park. These activities foster artistic skills, cultivate problem-solving, and show your ideas, however small, can contribute to a larger ecological impact.

Ultimately, environmental art bridges artistic expression and urgent global challenges. It proves beauty can emerge from decay, and powerful messages are conveyed through unconventional materials. By embracing this innovative approach, artists worldwide, including those in Vietnam, are not just creating art; they are sparking conversations and inspiring action. This movement empowers everyone, especially the younger generation, to see waste not as an end, but as a beginning – a raw material full of potential, transformed into a testament to creativity and a beacon of hope for a sustainable future.