Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-20

Caves are fascinating natural formations found all over the world, but have you ever wondered how they are created? The most common type of cave is a solutional cave, formed in a specific kind of rock called limestone. The main force responsible for carving these underground wonders is simple water, but the process is anything but fast. This process can take many thousands of years, patiently shaping the world beneath our feet.

The journey begins with rain. As raindrops fall through the atmosphere, they absorb carbon dioxide from the air. This has the (21) __________ of making the water slightly acidic, creating a weak version of carbonic acid. When this acidic rainwater lands, it seeps down through the ground and into any small cracks or fissures present in the limestone bedrock. This is where the key chemical reaction begins.

Limestone is primarily made of a mineral called calcium carbonate, which reacts with acid. Over time, the limestone is dissolved by the acidic water, creating small channels. As more water flows through these initial paths, it dissolves more and more rock. These channels grow (22) __________ larger, eventually forming the vast rooms and passages we see in caves. It's a testament to how a gentle force can have a huge impact over a long duration.

The process doesn't stop once the main cave is formed. Inside the cave, this mineral-rich water continues to (23) __________ from the ceiling. As the water is exposed to the air inside the cave, it releases some of its dissolved carbon dioxide. This makes it less acidic and unable to hold as much of the dissolved mineral. Each drop leaves behind a tiny mineral deposit, (24) __________ builds up over centuries to form beautiful, icicle-like structures called stalactites.

The formation of caves is an incredibly slow process, requiring a precise combination of rock, water, and time. However, the results are some of the most spectacular and mysterious natural wonders on Earth. From the initial raindrop to the magnificent stone formations, the creation of a cave is a perfect example of nature's slow and persistent artistry.

Many students, especially around 14 or 15, often feel overwhelmed by schoolwork and wonder if there's even time for anything else. The thought of joining a club or a sports team might seem like a burden on precious study hours. However, extracurricular activities are far more than just leisure pursuits; they are powerful tools for personal growth, skill development, and even future success. While academics remain crucial, what you do outside the classroom can be just as significant in shaping who you become and where you're headed. [I]

In today's competitive world, universities and future employers increasingly seek candidates offering more than just impressive grades. They look for well-rounded individuals with commitment, initiative, and diverse skills. Participating in clubs, sports, or artistic groups hones essential qualities like teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, and effective communication. [II] Whether collaborating on a science project, strategizing on a sports field, or organizing a school event, these experiences build practical skills highly valued in any academic or professional environment.

[III] In Vietnam, there's a strong tradition of student-led initiatives that exemplify this, such as the well-known "Mùa Hè Xanh" (Green Summer) volunteer campaigns. These large-scale programs, where students dedicate their summer to community service in rural areas, showcase how involvement beyond the classroom can foster social responsibility, empathy, and a deep understanding of societal needs. They enrich participants and contribute positively to national development.

You might be thinking that dedicating time to a club means sacrificing study hours, but surprisingly, the opposite can be true. Managing your time between studies and extracurriculars actually strengthens organizational skills and can lead to better focus during study sessions. Furthermore, these activities offer a vital outlet for stress relief and creativity, preventing burnout. Beyond skill development, joining a club is an excellent way to meet new people, build lasting friendships with shared interests, and expand your social network, creating a supportive community. [IV]

Ultimately, embracing extracurricular activities is an investment in yourself and your future. They provide unique experiences that can significantly boost your university applications, helping you stand out. More importantly, they help you discover passions, build confidence, and develop a comprehensive skill set that prepares you for higher education, a career, and life itself. So, don't view them as distractions; instead, see them as opportunities to explore, grow, and build a foundation for a successful journey.