Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-173

A battery is a common device we use every day to power everything from remote controls to smartphones. But how does this small object store energy? The basic principle is quite simple: a battery doesn't store electrical energy directly. Instead, it holds chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy on demand. (21) __________ a standard battery, there are several key components that work together to make this amazing process happen.

The main parts of a battery are its two terminals, one marked positive (+) and the other negative (-). Separating these terminals is a chemical substance called an electrolyte. When the terminals are connected to a device, like a lightbulb, a chemical (22) __________ takes place inside the battery. This reaction causes tiny particles called electrons to build up at the negative terminal, creating a difference in electrical potential between the two sides.

This difference in potential makes the electrons want to move from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. They travel through the external device in order to get there. This flow of electrons is exactly what we call an electrical current. The battery's internal chemical process is designed specifically to (23) __________ this movement of electrons. The flow creates a complete circuit, which allows the battery to power the device.

(24) __________, this process cannot continue forever. The chemical reaction uses up the materials inside the battery. Once the chemicals in the electrolyte are depleted, they can no longer push electrons to the negative terminal. The flow of electrons stops, and we say the battery is 'dead'. This is why the power supply is not permanent; it has a limited lifespan determined by its chemical composition.

When you connect a battery to a phone or a toy, you are completing the circuit that allows the electrical current to flow and do its work. Every modern portable electronic device relies on this fundamental principle of converting stored chemical energy into useful electrical energy. Understanding this helps us appreciate the clever science packed into such a small and essential item.

Every young person eventually faces a significant crossroads: deciding what path to pursue after high school. This decision isn't just about a major; it often involves a deeper conflict between what truly excites you and what seems like the most sensible, secure option. On one side lies the allure of following a passion – perhaps in creative fields like art or music. On the other, there's the call of more traditional, stable professions such as medicine or law, often associated with prestige and financial security. [I]

In many cultures, family expectations profoundly shape this decision. In Vietnam, this dynamic is particularly strong due to hiếu thảo, or filial piety. This deep-rooted cultural value often translates into honoring parents' wishes. Consequently, Vietnamese parents frequently guide their children towards careers perceived as highly stable and respectable, such as banking, government, or technical fields. Their advice stems from a desire to ensure their child's long-term well-being and security, seeing these paths as a guaranteed route to a comfortable life. [II]

For a 14 or 15-year-old, this dilemma becomes intensely personal. You might feel a strong pull towards subjects that spark your curiosity and talent, such as game design, fashion, or digital content creation. These interests, while exciting, often don't align with the "stable career" boxes parents typically favor. [III] How do you reconcile your desire to explore your passion with your family's loving, yet directive, advice? This internal conflict, compounded by the pressure of hiếu thảo, makes navigating high school pathways and future majors an emotionally complex process.

Navigating this tension requires thoughtful communication and a strategic approach. Start by having open, honest conversations with your parents, explaining your interests as potential career paths, not just hobbies. Research professions related to your passions, identifying successful individuals, potential earnings, and required skills. Presenting this well-researched information can help bridge the understanding gap. You might also explore compromises, such as pursuing a passion as a minor, or finding ways to integrate your unique skills into a more traditional field. [IV]

Ultimately, finding a path that balances personal fulfillment with practical considerations is key. Your parents' advice stems from love and concern, while your passion represents your authentic self. The goal isn't to choose one over the other, but to seek harmony. This journey of choosing a high school focus or future major is a crucial step in self-discovery. By combining earnest dialogue, thorough research, and a willingness to explore innovative solutions, you can pave a path that honors both your aspirations and your family's values.