Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-166

Toll roads, also known as turnpikes or highways, are public roads that require drivers to pay a fee, or 'toll,' for their use. These fees are collected to help fund the construction and maintenance of the road infrastructure. This system ensures that the roads are well-maintained and safe for everyone who travels on them, often providing a faster and more direct route between cities.

There are two primary ways to pay the toll. The traditional method involves stopping at (21) __________ toll booth. Here, a driver must stop their car and pay the fee directly to an attendant or into a machine. To avoid (22) __________ in long queues, some drivers prefer the more modern alternative. It is a simple process, but it can cause traffic delays during busy periods.

The second method is electronic. Many vehicles are equipped with a small electronic tag attached to the windshield. Special sensors are set up over the highway lanes to read this tag as the car drives through without stopping. Consequently, the fee is automatically deducted from a pre-paid account linked to the tag. This technology makes the journey much smoother and faster.

It is important for drivers to know which system is in use. If a driver without a tag used an electronic-only lane, they (23) __________ a fine in the mail. Therefore, drivers must (24) __________ for the signs indicating which lanes are for electronic payments and which are for manual cash payments. Following the rules keeps traffic flowing safely.

Recently, a transportation official was interviewed about the system. He reminded the public that the new regulations were for everyone's benefit. He said that all drivers had to follow the posted signs to avoid penalties and ensure a smooth journey for all road users. This cooperation is essential for the system to work effectively.

Globally, the urgent push towards electric vehicles (EVs) aims to combat urban air pollution and reduce carbon emissions from transportation. [I] This worldwide shift sees governments and industries investing heavily in greener alternatives. [II] The familiar roar of gasoline engines is slowly yielding to the quiet hum of electric counterparts, prompting a crucial question: are electric motorbikes truly the clean future for Vietnam's iconic, crowded streets? [III]

The primary appeal of electric motorbikes lies in their environmental benefits. Unlike gasoline bikes, e-motorbikes produce zero tailpipe emissions, directly improving urban air quality by reducing harmful pollutants. This can significantly benefit public health. [IV] They also promise reduced greenhouse gas emissions, especially if charged with renewable energy. Vietnamese companies like Vingroup, via VinFast, have heavily invested in producing their own electric motorbikes, making EVs a highly visible topic nationwide, championing this cleaner vision.

For many young people in Vietnam, particularly 14-15 year olds, electric motorbikes are becoming an increasingly popular and practical choice. Their ease of use, lower operating costs (due to cheaper electricity), and sleek designs make them attractive for daily commutes. They are quieter, smoother to ride, and often require less maintenance. This immediate appeal of convenience and modernity makes them a common sight among students, offering a tangible experience of "green technology" in their daily lives.

However, the path to a truly "green" future with electric motorbikes is not without complexities. While tailpipe emissions are zero, manufacturing their batteries, often containing rare earth minerals, carries significant environmental costs, from resource depletion and pollution in production to the challenge of disposal and recycling. Furthermore, an electric motorbike's "cleanliness" depends on how its electricity is generated. If the power grid relies heavily on fossil fuels, emissions simply shift from the street to the power plant, diminishing the overall environmental benefit.

So, are electric motorbikes the definitive clean future for Vietnam? They certainly offer compelling advantages in reducing urban air pollution and noise, directly benefiting public health. Their growing popularity, especially among younger generations, signals a positive shift. Yet, achieving true sustainability requires a holistic approach, addressing battery lifecycle concerns and ensuring a transition to cleaner energy for charging. Ultimately, electric motorbikes represent a vital step towards a greener Vietnam, but their full potential hinges on continued innovation and responsible development considering their entire environmental footprint.