Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-161

The world’s oceans are constantly in motion, not just on the surface but also in their depths. These massive movements of water, known as ocean currents, act like giant rivers flowing through the sea. These movements are driven mainly by two key forces: wind and differences in water density.

Surface currents, which affect the top 400 meters of the ocean, are primarily caused by the wind blowing across the water’s surface. As the wind blows, it pushes the water, creating a flow. The friction between the wind and the water results in the water moving in the same direction as the wind, transferring enormous amounts of energy.

Deep ocean currents, (21) __________, are not controlled by wind but by changes in water density. Density is influenced by both temperature and salinity (the amount of salt in the water). Water that is colder or has a higher salt content is more denser than warmer, less salty water. This difference in density has a significant (22) __________ on how water moves in the deep ocean, as the denser water sinks below the less dense water.

This process creates a massive, slow-moving circulation system, often called the 'global conveyor belt', (23) __________ transports water around the entire planet. Cold, salty, dense water sinks in the polar regions and travels along the ocean floor. Eventually, it rises back to the surface in warmer areas, where it is warmed by the sun before circulating again.

In summary, ocean currents (24) __________ a vital role in distributing heat and nutrients around the world, influencing weather patterns and supporting marine ecosystems. Understanding the forces of wind, temperature, and salinity is key to understanding this essential global system. Both surface and deep currents are critical components of Earth's climate.

In cities and towns worldwide, true heroes often walk among us, not in capes but in everyday work clothes. These are ordinary individuals who, through sheer generosity and a desire to help, transform their free time and skills into extraordinary acts of community service. Their contributions, though often unnoticed, create ripples of positive change that profoundly impact lives. Vietnam, with its strong community spirit and tradition of mutual support, is particularly rich in such inspiring narratives, often highlighting quiet yet powerful forms of benevolence found in the most unexpected places. [I]

One such heartwarming tale centers on Mr. Nguyễn Trung Chinh, a humble motorbike repairman from Hanoi. By day, Mr. Chinh skillfully fixes engines and patches tires, his hands grimy but his spirit bright. Yet, as evening descends, he embarks on another vital profession. Witnessing many children from disadvantaged backgrounds struggling with studies and lacking access to education beyond school hours, he felt a deep calling to bridge this gap, using his own limited resources to make a significant difference in their lives. [II]

With remarkable dedication, Mr. Chinh transformed a small corner of his repair shop or sometimes his modest home into a vibrant classroom. Every night, eager young faces gathered for his free evening classes. He patiently guided them through basic school subjects, helped with daunting homework assignments, and instilled confidence where there was once only frustration. For these children, often from impoverished families, this was more than just a place to learn; it was a sanctuary of hope, offering a path to a brighter future through education they otherwise couldn't afford. [III]

Stories like Mr. Chinh's resonate deeply within Vietnamese society, embodying the spirit of "lá lành đùm lá rách" – the good leaves protect the torn leaves. [IV] They showcase him as a prime example of quiet heroism and community solidarity, celebrating how ordinary people can embody profound compassion. This demonstrates powerfully that true generosity comes from the heart, not necessarily from a large bank account.

Mr. Nguyễn Trung Chinh’s story serves as a powerful reminder that philanthropy isn't exclusively for the wealthy or famous. For teenagers, especially those considering their own contributions to the world, it illustrates that making a significant difference doesn't require grand gestures or vast sums of money. Contributing your time, sharing your knowledge, or simply offering a helping hand can be an incredibly powerful act of kindness. His example inspires us all to look for opportunities to uplift others, proving everyone possesses the capacity to be a philanthropist in their own unique way.