Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-158

The excavator is a common sight on construction sites. Its most impressive feature is the long, powerful arm that looks a bit like a giant's limb. The excavator's arm is not one single piece; it is made of three main components: the boom, the stick, and the bucket. Each part has a specific job, and they work together to perform precise and powerful digging actions.

The first section, connected directly to the excavator's body, is the boom. It is the largest and strongest part of the arm. The boom's primary function is lifting the rest of the arm up and down. It pivots at a joint, allowing the entire arm assembly to be raised high in the air or lowered into a trench.

Attached to the end of the boom is the stick, which is also called the dipper arm. Just like a human forearm, the stick can bend and (21) __________, moving toward or away from the excavator's main body. This movement provides the reach, letting the operator position the bucket exactly where it needs to be for digging or lifting materials.

The magic behind this movement is the hydraulic system. This system uses a special fluid under high pressure to move the different parts. (22) __________ this powerful system, the arm can lift incredibly heavy loads. If an operator (23) __________ the controls differently, the arm would respond with either a gentle scoop or a powerful tear through the ground. A senior engineer once told a trainee that the hydraulic fluid was the real muscle of the machine.

To dig effectively, an operator must skilfully piece together the movements of all three parts at once. It takes great coordination to scoop earth with the bucket while adjusting the stick and boom simultaneously. It is (24) __________ complex skill, but it is what makes the excavator such a versatile and essential tool on any modern construction project.

The futuristic concept of self-driving vehicles is rapidly moving from science fiction to reality. Across the globe, leading technology companies and automotive manufacturers are investing billions into developing cars capable of navigating roads completely on their own. This ambitious undertaking aims to fundamentally redefine transportation, promising a future where daily commutes are transformed. Imagine stepping into a car that, with a simple destination input, expertly handles all the complexities of the journey. This vision represents a pinnacle of artificial intelligence and engineering innovation.

Achieving full autonomy presents immense technical hurdles. [I] These intelligent systems must analyze vast real-time data, identify obstacles, predict human behavior, and make instantaneous decisions, often in highly dynamic situations. [II] The concept of a vehicle that eliminates driving stress and prioritizes safety is particularly intriguing, raising questions about our readiness to trust a robotic chauffeur. [III]

Consider this groundbreaking technology navigating Ho Chi Minh City’s unique and often chaotic traffic. [IV] For 14-15 year olds, the daily commute through HCMC’s vibrant, unpredictable streets is a familiar experience. Would you truly trust a robot to expertly weave through a bustling intersection during rush hour, anticipating sudden lane changes or reacting instantly to a pedestrian’s unexpected movement? This dynamic, unscripted environment contrasts sharply with controlled test conditions abroad, making autonomous navigation here exceptionally complex.

Remarkably, Vietnamese companies are already tackling this formidable challenge. Vingroup, through its VinFast automotive brand, has been actively researching and developing autonomous driving features for its vehicles. Their goal is ambitious: to achieve Level 3 or 4 autonomy, meaning the car can handle most driving tasks with minimal or no human intervention, even in complex scenarios. Testing these sophisticated systems amidst Vietnam's challenging traffic conditions demonstrates a commitment to innovating within this cutting-edge field.

The future of transportation is poised for a dramatic transformation, with self-driving vehicles at its forefront. For young people, the question isn't just "when," but "how will this change my daily life?" Will robot drivers eventually become a trusted norm on Vietnamese roads, turning chaotic commutes into stress-free journeys? The engineering challenge of making this a reality, especially in dynamic environments like HCMC, is immense. The journey towards this future is complex, yet incredibly exciting, promising to redefine how we move.