Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-137

Have you ever wondered how a self-driving car can drive without a human? The secret is in how it 'sees' the world. A self-driving car is equipped with a complex system of sensors and cameras that act as its eyes and ears, constantly scanning the environment. These tools gather a huge amount of data every second to build a detailed picture of the road.

The most familiar tools are the cameras, often placed in front of, behind, and around the vehicle. These cameras work much like human eyes, detecting lane markings, traffic lights, and road signs. This visual information is crucial, as it identifies any potential obstacle, such as a pedestrian or another car. This data is processed in real-time, allowing the vehicle to navigate safely and follow the rules of the road.

However, cameras have limitations; they can struggle in fog, heavy rain, or darkness. That's why autonomous cars also use radar. Radar systems are not affected by bad weather. They send out radio waves (21) __________ detect objects and calculate their distance, speed, and direction. If a car relied only on cameras, it (22) __________ struggle in these poor visibility conditions, but radar provides a reliable backup.

For an even more detailed view, many cars use LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). This technology spins around, sending out millions of laser pulses per second to create a precise 3D map of the car's surroundings. The car's central computer must (23) __________ all of this data from the cameras, radar, and LiDAR. This process is like building a puzzle to (24) __________ of what's happening around the car.

By combining information from all these different technologies, a self-driving car creates a comprehensive and reliable understanding of its environment. One designer said that the previous model had relied on simpler technology, but the new systems are far more advanced. This multi-layered approach to perception is what makes autonomous driving a growing reality for the future of transport.

Have you ever scraped leftover food into the bin after school lunch, or seen uneaten food after a family dinner? This common scene points to a significant issue: food waste. It’s not just about what's left on your plate; it's about all the food produced, transported, and bought, only to be discarded. While it might seem harmless, the journey of that uneaten food from our plates to the landfill has surprising and far-reaching consequences for our planet. [I]

Globally, the scale of this issue is immense. A staggering one-third of all food produced for human consumption never gets eaten. This isn't just a shame; it's an environmental burden. When food rots in landfills, it produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas contributing significantly to climate change. Beyond emissions, wasting food also means wasting all the precious resources—water, land, energy, and labor—that went into growing, processing, and transporting it. [II]

In Vietnam, food waste is a particularly relevant concern. While we cherish our diverse cuisine, especially during festive periods like Tết, celebrations often lead to increased surplus food that is wasted. Recognizing this, various campaigns and organizations have emerged. For instance, the Food Bank Vietnam actively rescues edible, surplus food from businesses and redistributes it to those in need, highlighting local commitment to addressing this national issue. [III]

Understanding wasted food's journey reveals its true impact. Every item thrown away represents lost energy, water, and effort. It’s food that could have nourished someone, yet instead contributes to landfill expansion and pollution. For young people, this is especially important because it affects the world you will inherit. From the energy consumed to refrigerate unused ingredients to the fuel burned transporting waste, our food choices ripple outwards, influencing resource scarcity and our environment. [IV]

The good news is that we all have a role to play in tackling food waste. Simple actions, like planning meals to avoid overbuying, storing food properly, or creatively repurposing leftovers, can make a big difference. Even choosing smaller portions at meals helps. By being more mindful of what we eat and what we discard, we can reduce our environmental footprint, conserve valuable resources, and contribute to a more sustainable future, one plate at a time.