Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-132

Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth. For animals like penguins, surviving in such a (21) __________ environment requires remarkable adaptations. These birds have evolved specific physical traits and behaviors over millions of years that allow them to thrive where most other creatures could not. Understanding these adaptations gives us a fascinating look into the power of evolution and the resilience of life in extreme conditions.

Firstly, a penguin's feathers are a masterpiece of natural engineering. Instead of being fluffy like many other birds, their feathers are short, stiff, and densely packed, forming a thick, protective layer. This dense coat traps a layer of air next to the skin, which is then warmed by the penguin's body heat. These feathers also provide excellent insulation and are waterproof, keeping the penguin's skin dry even while swimming in freezing water. Without this protection, a penguin would quickly freeze.

Beneath the feathers lies another crucial adaptation: a thick layer of fat called blubber. This blubber serves as an energy reserve and provides further insulation against the cold. Penguins build up this fat layer by eating krill, squid, and fish. This layer is the thickest just before the winter breeding season, when food can become scarce and energy demands are at their highest. Due to this energy storage, they can survive for long periods without eating.

Huddling together in large groups is another key survival technique. (22) __________ strategy allows them to share body heat and shelter each other from the biting winds. In a large huddle, the temperature can be much warmer than the outside air. Not only does huddling conserve heat, but it also protects individuals from the wind. To ensure fairness and the survival of all, the group is constantly moving. The penguins on the outside of the huddle slowly move to the inside, ensuring the (23) __________ of the group strategy.

(24) __________, the penguin's survival is a result of multiple clever adaptations working together. The combination of specialized feathers, a thick layer of blubber for insulation and energy, and the cooperative behavior of huddling allows these incredible birds to not just survive, but to prosper in one of the planet's most challenging climates.

The Fear of Missing Out, or FOMO, is a pervasive feeling in our digitally connected world, extending beyond a mere thought to become a form of social anxiety. Often triggered by constant social media updates, FOMO makes us feel excluded. When scrolling through feeds showing others enjoying exciting experiences, it sparks an unsettling sensation that our own lives are less interesting or fulfilling. This feeling of inadequacy has become a common challenge, especially for young people navigating online identities.

Social media platforms showcase curated highlights of people's lives, not mundane realities. [I] When you see friends’ Instagram Stories or TikTok videos filled with laughter from a gathering you weren't invited to, or vibrant concert photos you couldn't attend, it’s easy to feel excluded. [II] This constant bombardment of seemingly perfect experiences can distort perceptions, making personal moments feel less significant by comparison.

The pervasive nature of FOMO significantly impacts mental well-being. [III] It often manifests as feelings of sadness, envy, and even loneliness, despite digital connections. The pressure to keep up, or constantly check feeds to avoid missing out, increases anxiety and stress. When comparing your own reality with someone else's highlight reel, it’s easy to fall into negative self-assessment, questioning choices, or feeling your life isn't good enough.

This feeling of missing out resonates strongly with young people globally, including here in Vietnam. Imagine seeing friends post vibrant photos from a trendy new cafe in Hanoi, or concert clips of a popular K-Pop group everyone else discusses. These real-life scenarios, amplified by social media, easily trigger FOMO. It’s a feeling so common it's often discussed on local online forums like Spiderum, demonstrating this digital anxiety is a shared experience across cultures.

Recognizing FOMO is the crucial first step towards managing its effects. When you find yourself scrolling through posts and feeling that familiar pang of sadness or exclusion – perhaps from seeing friends at a party on Instagram Stories or a local hotspot – acknowledge that feeling as FOMO. It's a reminder that what you see online is often just a small, polished slice of reality. [IV] Understanding this helps shift your focus from comparing your life to others' curated feeds, allowing you to appreciate your own unique journey.