Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-126

For thousands of years, humans knew about the sticky, black liquid called petroleum, or crude oil, which sometimes seeped from the ground. Ancient civilizations in the Middle East and beyond used this natural resource for various practical purposes. They used it to waterproof their boats, as a component in building materials, and even for some traditional medicines. However, for most of human history, oil was not considered a major source of energy; wood and coal were far more important for heating and power.

This perspective began to change significantly in the mid-19th century. Scientists and entrepreneurs started looking for new ways to use oil. A key breakthrough came with the discovery of a method for refining crude oil into kerosene. Kerosene was a much cleaner and cheaper fuel for lamps than the whale oil that was commonly used at the time. As a result, its popularity quickly (21) __________, creating the first large-scale demand for petroleum.

The real revolution began in 1859. That year, a man named Edwin Drake successfully drilled the first commercial oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, in the USA. This was a monumental achievement because it proved that large quantities of oil could be extracted from deep underground. (22) __________ this well could produce barrels of oil reliably and efficiently, a new industry was born, focused on finding and extracting this valuable resource.

The next major development came in the late 19th century with the invention of the internal combustion engine. This invention was a real (23) __________ for the oil industry, as it required a new, portable, and powerful fuel. Gasoline, a byproduct of refining oil, was perfect for the job. Henry Ford, the famous car manufacturer, once commented in an interview that he felt history (24) __________ more or less bunk, but his mass-produced cars certainly made history by creating a massive, global demand for oil.

Today, oil is central to the global economy. Huge facilities called refineries process crude oil into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and many other products. Our modern world of transportation, manufacturing, and even plastics depends heavily on it. If the internal combustion engine had not been invented, the world would not have become so dependent on oil today.

The world of work is rapidly evolving, profoundly changing how we present ourselves. Gone are the days when a paper resume was your only introduction. Today, building your first 'Online CV' – a digital representation of your skills, projects, and achievements – is becoming an essential career skill for the future. This online presence allows you to showcase your abilities dynamically, offering richer insight into who you are and what you can do, beyond what traditional documents convey. [I] Understanding how to leverage the web to highlight your talents provides a significant head start.

Globally, it has become standard practice for professionals to maintain an online portfolio or a well-managed profile on platforms like LinkedIn. These digital spaces are living galleries where individuals display projects, share presentations, write about expertise, and receive endorsements. Employers rely on these resources to scout talent, assess skills, and understand professional brand before an interview. This shift underscores the importance of actively curating your online identity to stand out in a competitive landscape. [II]

[III] This global trend is rapidly gaining traction in Vietnam, where the landscape is increasingly digital. Networking sites like LinkedIn are seeing significant growth, connecting Vietnamese professionals with local and international opportunities. Tech giants like VNG are keen on candidates presenting online portfolios of coding, design, or technical skills. This makes the ability to showcase your work online a valuable asset. For them, an online showcase provides concrete evidence of ability and initiative beyond mere qualifications. Developing an online presence now means you’ll be well-prepared for the expectations of future employers in a dynamic economy. [IV]

For a 14-15 year old, the idea of an 'online CV' might seem far off, but it's never too early to start building this crucial asset. It’s a digital scrapbook for accomplishments: documenting your best school projects, showcasing hobbies like coding, design, or volunteering. Even small personal projects count. These early online exhibits of your work and passions can give you a significant advantage. When applying for universities, scholarship programs, or even your first part-time job, having a readily accessible online portfolio demonstrates proactivity, initiative, and a tangible display of skills.

So, how can you begin building this online presence? Start small. Create a blog, use platforms like GitHub for coding projects, or design a basic website for creative works. Contributing to online discussions or forums can also establish your expertise. Remember, consistency over time builds a powerful narrative. The key is to think about how you can digitally represent what you learn and create. Embracing these digital tools now prepares you for future job searches and develops valuable career skills for your academic and professional journey.