Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-120

Often called Earth's 'twin', Venus is the second planet from the Sun and our closest planetary neighbor. This comparison exists because Venus and Earth are very similar in size, mass, and composition. For anyone looking from a great distance, it would be easy to mistake one for the other. Its physical properties are so similar (21) __________ Earth's that for many years, people imagined it might even host life.

However, a closer look reveals that Venus is dramatically different from our world. Its atmosphere is the most significant point of contrast. It is a thick, toxic blanket of gas that is about 96% carbon dioxide. This atmosphere is also extremely dense, with a surface pressure more than 90 times greater than Earth's. The planet is permanently covered by clouds of sulfuric acid, which reflect sunlight and make Venus appear bright in our sky.

Beneath these clouds, the surface of Venus is a hostile, volcanic landscape. It is the hottest planet in our solar system, with an average surface temperature of about 465°C, which is hot enough to melt lead. The immense atmospheric pressure on the surface is equivalent to being 900 meters deep in Earth's ocean. This pressure would instantly (22) __________ any spacecraft that was not specially designed to withstand it.

The main reason for this extreme difference is Venus's runaway greenhouse (23) __________. The planet's dense atmosphere allows heat from the sun to pass through, which then gets trapped at the surface. Unlike Earth, which has oceans and plant life to absorb carbon dioxide, Venus has no such process. This has led to a cycle where the planet gets hotter and hotter over billions of years.

In conclusion, while Venus shares some basic physical statistics with Earth, it is a very unwelcoming place. The extreme conditions make it incredibly challenging to study directly. For this reason, very (24) __________ missions have successfully landed and operated on its surface. Although it is considered our 'twin' in some ways, Venus serves as a powerful reminder of how delicate and unique our own planet's environment truly is.

Imagine you're taking a challenging math test. Suddenly, you see your close friend subtly pulling out a cheat sheet. Your heart sinks. [I] This immediate, gut-wrenching moment, common for young people worldwide, forces you to confront your budding moral compass and decide where your loyalties truly lie in a real-life ethical challenge.

[II] The dilemma instantly floods your mind. Do you ignore it, protecting your friend and avoiding an awkward confrontation? Or do you speak up, potentially jeopardizing your friendship but upholding honesty and fairness for everyone else in the room? This isn't hypothetical; it’s a real-life scenario many teenagers face. The weight of friendship is immense, making it incredibly difficult to consider acting against someone you care about, despite their clear wrongdoing.

Adding another layer of complexity, especially in a cultural context like Vietnam, is the pressure some students feel to excel academically. The strong emphasis on "hiếu thảo," or filial piety, means there's often a deep-seated desire to make parents proud and avoid bringing shame upon the family. For your friend, cheating might stem from an overwhelming fear of disappointing their family, leading to desperate measures. This understanding can make your decision even harder, as you might empathize with their underlying struggles, even if you disagree with their method. [III]

[IV] So, what path do you choose? You could discreetly warn your friend, hoping they put the cheat sheet away. You could quietly inform the teacher, knowing it might lead to serious consequences but preserving the integrity of the test. Or, you might choose to do nothing, allowing the situation to unfold without your intervention. Each option carries repercussions, not just for your friend, but for your own conscience and integrity. This moment truly tests your personal values, asking you to decide what kind of person you want to be.

Ultimately, situations like these are profound opportunities for personal growth. They force you to think critically about loyalty, honesty, and the broader impact of individual choices. There's no easy answer, and the right decision often depends on your own moral framework and the specific circumstances. While challenging, navigating such ethical dilemmas is a crucial part of developing a strong character, helping you understand the importance of integrity and the courage it takes to stand by your convictions.