Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-11

El Niño is a natural climate phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Its name, which is Spanish for 'the little boy', refers to a pattern of unusual warming of the surface water. This event does not happen every year, but it appears irregularly, usually every two to seven years.

Under normal conditions, strong winds called 'trade winds' blow from east to west across the Pacific. These winds push the warm surface water towards Asia and Australia. As a result, a large area of warm water gathers (21) __________ the coasts of Indonesia and the Philippines, while cooler water rises to the surface near South America. Scientists pay close attention to these patterns to predict climate changes.

During an El Niño event, this entire pattern changes. However, the trade winds weaken or even reverse direction. Without the strong winds pushing it west, the large mass of warm water begins to shift eastward, back across the Pacific towards South America. This shift is the core of the El Niño event, (22) __________ in turn changes weather patterns around the globe.

The consequences of this shift are significant. The warm water off the coast of South America releases more heat into the atmosphere, causing unusually (23) __________ rainfall and flooding in countries like Peru and Ecuador. At the same time, (24) __________ parts of the world, such as Australia and Indonesia, experience severe droughts and a higher risk of wildfires because the source of their usual rainfall has moved away.

In conclusion, El Niño is a powerful demonstration of how our planet's systems are connected. Although it is a temporary and natural cycle, its ability to affect the climate on a global scale is immense. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for preparing for its wide-ranging impacts on agriculture, water supplies, and ecosystems worldwide.

The rise of remote work has fundamentally reshaped how and where people live and earn a living. This global shift has given birth to "digital nomads," individuals leveraging technology to work from anywhere. [I] As these foreigners increasingly choose vibrant destinations as long-term bases, a crucial question arises: is their presence ultimately beneficial or detrimental to the local community?

On the positive side, digital nomads often inject significant economic vitality. [II] They patronize cafes, restaurants, and local shops, spending money that directly supports small businesses and creates jobs for residents. Their desire for authentic experiences can lead them to explore less-traveled areas, spreading economic benefits. Furthermore, their diverse backgrounds foster rich cultural exchange, introducing new perspectives and ideas, enriching for both visitors and locals, sparking conversations.

[III] However, the influx of digital nomads is not without challenges. One frequently discussed concern is the potential for rising costs of living. Increased demand for housing, services, and everyday goods can drive up prices, making it difficult for local residents, especially young people and families, to afford their own cities. This can lead to gentrification, where traditional businesses are displaced by establishments catering to foreign tastes, and unique neighborhood character erodes, becoming less authentic.

In Vietnam, cities like Da Nang and Hoi An have become particularly attractive hubs for these remote workers, a trend widely covered by local media like VnExpress International, sparking vigorous public discussions. Locals often experience firsthand the tangible effects, from bustling cafes to changing rental markets. While many appreciate the economic boost and global connections, others express concerns about maintaining cultural integrity and ensuring development remains inclusive, benefiting all segments, not just newcomers.

Ultimately, the impact of digital nomads is complex, presenting opportunities and challenges for urban centers. It underscores the need for thoughtful urban planning and policies that harness economic benefits while mitigating negative social and economic consequences. [IV] As you observe these global workers in your city's cafes, consider the multifaceted ways they contribute to, and sometimes reshape, the place you call home, prompting ongoing conversations about balance, growth, and community.