Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Phú Thọ môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTH-88

Have you ever wondered how the sugar in your kitchen is made? The journey from sugarcane to the familiar white crystals is a fascinating process. First, harvested sugarcane is transported to a mill where large rollers crush it to extract the sweet juice. This juice contains many impurities, so producers must (15) __________ this problem effectively by heating the juice and mixing it with lime.

(16) __________, the now-clean juice is boiled in large vats. This removes most of the water and creates a thick, brown syrup. As the syrup cools, sugar crystals begin to form. These raw crystals are then separated from the remaining liquid in a centrifuge. The final stage results (17) __________ pure white sugar after washing and drying. The economic (18) __________ of this process on farming communities is huge. Imagine if this technology didn't exist; if we (19) __________ only raw sugarcane, our food would be very different! (20) __________ batch of sugar must meet high quality standards before it reaches our homes.

When you enjoy a meal, you probably think about the ingredients, but not the ground they came from. Soil is a vital resource, yet we often overlook its health. Soil degradation, which is the decline in soil quality, is a serious environmental problem affecting the entire planet. This 'invisible' issue directly threatens our ability to grow food, making it a critical concern for global food security and the future of farming everywhere, including in Vietnam.

The causes of soil degradation can be divided into two main categories. There are natural causes, such as erosion from strong winds and heavy rain, which slowly wear away the topsoil. However, human activities are often a much bigger problem. Actions like deforestation (cutting down forests) and intensive farming, where the same crop is grown repeatedly without giving the soil time to recover, significantly accelerate the damage to this precious resource.

In Vietnam, especially in agricultural regions like the Central Highlands, the effects of human activity are clear. The improper use of chemical fertilizers for valuable cash crops like coffee is a major contributor to soil degradation. While these chemicals can boost production in the short term, their overuse makes the soil acidic and less fertile over time. This reduces its ability to support healthy plant growth, creating a long-term problem for local farmers and the nation's agricultural output.

Fortunately, it is not too late to act. Farmers and governments are working on solutions to protect and restore soil health. Sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation (planting different crops in sequence) and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones, can help rebuild soil quality. Initiatives from Vietnam's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development also aim to promote these better practices. Protecting the soil is essential for ensuring we can feed future generations.