Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Phú Thọ môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTH-72

Crude oil, as it comes from the ground, cannot be used directly. It's a complex mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons that must be refined. The first step in this refining is the (15) __________ of these different components. This process is known as fractional distillation and is essential for producing the fuels we use every day.

Inside a refinery, crude oil is heated until it becomes a hot vapor. This vapor enters the bottom of a tall tower which is cooler at the top. As the vapor rises, it cools and condenses at different levels. Lighter parts with lower boiling points rise the (16) __________, while heavier parts condense lower down. This method enables engineers (17) __________ various products like gasoline and diesel. (18) __________ is how a single raw material creates multiple fuels.

The entire refining system (19) __________ in our economy, powering transportation and industry. (20) __________, it’s a process of separating liquids by their boiling points, a key chemical principle applied on a huge scale.

Many Vietnamese students feel immense pressure to succeed academically. A common belief is that staying up late to study, especially before an exam, is a necessary sacrifice. This 'all-nighter' culture is widespread among teenagers who think that more hours spent with books will guarantee better grades. However, is this really an effective strategy for learning?

Neuroscience provides a clear answer: sleep is crucial for academic success. During sleep, our brains are surprisingly active, working hard to process the day's information in a process called memory consolidation. This happens during different sleep stages, especially deep sleep and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Without enough of these stages, this vital process is interrupted, meaning that much of what you studied might not be properly stored in your long-term memory.

The consequences of sleep deprivation go beyond just feeling tired. When you don't get enough rest, your cognitive abilities suffer. Your ability to concentrate is significantly reduced, your thinking becomes slower, and your problem-solving skills are diminished. This means that even if you spent many hours studying, you might struggle to access that information effectively during an exam. In contrast, a well-rested brain is quicker, more creative, and better at recalling facts.

Ultimately, sacrificing sleep for extra study hours is a counterproductive strategy. Health experts and even government bodies, like those in Ho Chi Minh City who have adjusted school start times, recognize this growing problem. A smarter approach is to plan your study schedule well in advance, review material consistently, and protect your sleep time. This ensures your brain has the time it needs to consolidate your learning and perform at its best.