Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-95

Before the age of electricity, people needed creative ways to power their machinery. For centuries, one of the most important sources of power was the water wheel. Old mills were typically (35) __________ near fast-flowing rivers or streams to take advantage of the water's natural energy. These structures were essential to local communities, performing tasks that would have required immense human or animal labor.

The principle behind a water wheel was simple but effective. A channel was built to direct a steady flow of water from the river towards the top or bottom of the wheel. The force of (36) __________ water pushed against large paddles or buckets fixed to the wheel's rim. Millers often built small dams (37) __________ control the speed and volume of the water, ensuring the wheel operated at a consistent pace. This continuous push from the water caused the large wheel to rotate steadily.

The rotational energy of the water wheel had to be transferred to the machinery inside the mill. This was achieved through a system of gears and shafts. The main axle of the water wheel was connected to other gears, which then started (38) __________ the millstones or other equipment. Historians explained how the machinery inside the mill (39) __________ together to perform a specific task. For example, in a gristmill, this power was used to turn heavy stones that ground wheat.

Mills had many different purposes. The most common type was the gristmill, which was used to grind (40) __________ into flour for making bread. Other mills were designed to saw wood, pump water out of mines, or power bellows for a blacksmith's forge. The entire operation depended on the river; if the river had frozen solid in a harsh winter, the wheel (41) __________ and all work would have ceased until the thaw.

The use of water wheels declined with the invention of the steam engine and later, electrical generators. These new technologies were more powerful and did not depend on a river's location. However, the water wheel was, (42) __________, a revolutionary technology for its time. It represents a key step in industrial history and demonstrates humanity's early genius in harnessing the power of nature.

Every year, as the eighth lunar month arrives, a special atmosphere fills the air in Vietnam. It’s the season of Tết Trung Thu, the Mid-Autumn Festival, traditionally known as the 'Children's Festival'. For generations, this has been a time for family reunions, moon-gazing, and festivities centered around the young. However, in recent years, many have observed a significant transformation, prompting the question: has the spirit of this beloved festival changed?

Historically, the festival was a simple, joyful occasion. Children would parade through the streets with colorful, star-shaped lanterns, their faces glowing with excitement. The sound of lion dance drums would echo through the alleyways, and families would gather to share mooncakes and fruit under the light of the full moon. These mooncakes were modest treats, often with simple fillings like mung bean or lotus seed, meant to be enjoyed together as a symbol of unity and completeness.

Today, the scene is quite different, especially in urban areas. The once-simple mooncake has transformed into a luxury product. The boxes are now incredibly elaborate, often made of wood or lacquer and designed to impress. Inside, the cakes feature expensive and exotic ingredients, from shark fin to bird's nest. They are marketed less as a family snack and more as premium corporate gifts, a way for businesses to show appreciation to partners and clients. This has created a booming commercial market, with some gift sets costing millions of VND.

This shift is not without reason. Vietnam's rapid economic development has created a new class of consumers with more disposable income. As society modernizes, gift-giving culture has also evolved, and businesses have been quick to capitalize on this trend through sophisticated marketing campaigns. The Mid-Autumn Festival, with its positive connotations of family and togetherness, provides the perfect opportunity to market high-value products as meaningful presents. Consequently, the commercial aspect has started to overshadow the traditional, child-focused celebrations in many places.

While some worry that the festival is losing its soul, others see this as a natural evolution. They argue that traditions must adapt to survive in a changing world. The modern festival may offer new ways for adults to connect and celebrate, even if it is through commercial means. The challenge for the younger generation, then, is to find a balance—to enjoy the new, exciting aspects of the modern Tết Trung Thu while still cherishing the simple, heartfelt traditions that have defined it for centuries.