Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-82

Our solar system is a vast and fascinating place, filled with planets, moons, and other celestial bodies. One of its most famous features is the Asteroid Belt. This is a large, doughnut-shaped region of space that is located (35) __________ the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It contains the majority of our solar system's asteroids and serves as a clear boundary between the inner rocky planets and the outer gas giants.

The objects found within the belt are mainly composed of (36) __________ material, including rock and various metals. This vast region (37) __________ of millions of individual space rocks of all different sizes, from tiny pebbles to enormous boulders. These objects are remnants from the early formation of our solar system, over 4.6 billion years ago, which were prevented from coming together to form a planet by Jupiter's strong gravity.

The items that populate this area are called asteroids, (38) __________ are ancient, rocky objects that orbit the Sun but are too small to be considered planets. The sizes of these asteroids are incredibly (39) __________, ranging from dust-like particles to giant bodies measuring hundreds of kilometers in diameter. The asteroid Vesta, for example, is one of the largest and is about 525 kilometers wide.

Most asteroids are irregularly shaped and relatively small. (40) __________, the largest object found in the belt is Ceres. It is so large and spherical that scientists have also classified it as a dwarf planet. While there are (41) __________ other large asteroids in the belt, none of them come close to the size of Ceres, which accounts for a third of the belt's total mass.

Despite how it is often shown in movies, the Asteroid Belt is mostly empty space. The distance between objects is so great that a spacecraft can fly through it without much risk. The total mass of all the asteroids combined has a surprisingly small (42) __________ on the solar system; it is estimated to be only about 4% of the mass of Earth's Moon.

In today's hyper-connected world, making friends online is as common as meeting them in the classroom. Whether through multiplayer games, fan forums, or social media apps like Discord and Instagram, teenagers are forming connections with peers from across the country and around the globe. These relationships can be exciting and rewarding, built on shared hobbies and interests. However, the screen that connects us can also hide the truth, making it crucial to understand the difference between a fun online acquaintance and a genuine, trustworthy friend.

The appeal of online friendships is understandable. For some, it feels easier to talk about personal feelings or niche interests without the social pressures of face-to-face interaction. But this anonymity is a double-edged sword. When you can't see someone's body language or meet their real-world friends, you can never be 100% sure of who they are. Their profile picture could be fake, and their life story could be a complete fabrication. It is this uncertainty that makes people vulnerable to deception.

Recognizing warning signs, or 'red flags,' is a critical skill for online safety. A common tactic used by dishonest individuals is to consistently make excuses to avoid a video call or refuse to share recent, candid photos. Their stories might seem inconsistent, or overly dramatic and perfect. A significant red flag is when a new online 'friend' quickly professes intense feelings of friendship or romance. Most importantly, if they start asking for personal favors that involve money, gift cards, or sensitive information like your phone number or passwords, it is a serious cause for alarm. Authorities in major cities, for instance, frequently issue warnings about such scams.

These situations are not just random acts; they are often calculated schemes. Scammers invest time, sometimes weeks or months, to build a foundation of trust. They listen to your problems, offer support, and create an emotional connection. Once this trust is established, they begin to manipulate your feelings of kindness, loyalty, or even loneliness to achieve their goal, which is usually financial. They prey on the human desire for connection, turning a person's goodwill into a tool for their own benefit.

Protecting yourself does not mean you have to abandon the internet. It simply means being smart and cautious. Firstly, never share private information, such as your full name, home address, or the name of your school. Secondly, remain skeptical of any sob stories that end with a request for money. Thirdly, trust your intuition. If a conversation or a person makes you feel uncomfortable, it is okay to end the interaction and block them. Finally, and most importantly, if you are ever unsure or worried about an online relationship, talk to a trusted adult, like a parent or a teacher. The digital world offers amazing opportunities for friendship, but real-world wisdom is your best defense.