Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-73

Have you ever noticed small, rough bumps suddenly appear on your skin when you feel cold or scared? This is (35) __________ common reaction known as goosebumps. The medical term for this phenomenon is piloerection. It happens involuntarily, meaning you can't consciously control it. When it occurs, the skin on your arms and legs can look similar to that of a plucked goose, which is where the unusual name comes from. This is why we often experience this strange but completely normal bodily process.

The physical mechanism behind goosebumps is fascinating. At the base of each hair follicle are tiny muscles called arrector pili muscles. When the body signals them, these muscles (36) __________ or tighten. This action pulls the hair follicle, causing the connected hair to (37) __________. The contracting muscle also creates a small mound on the skin's surface, which is the 'bump' that we see and feel. This process happens across many hair follicles at the same time, creating the distinct appearance of goosebumps.

One of the primary triggers for goosebumps is cold temperature. When your body detects a drop in temperature, it tries to preserve heat. The arrector pili muscles contract and make the hairs stand on end. For our furry ancestors, this was very effective. The raised hairs would trap a layer of air close to the skin (38) __________ provide insulation against the cold. While humans don't have enough body hair for this to make a big difference anymore, the reflex remains a key part of our biology.

Goosebumps don't just appear because of the cold; strong emotions are another major cause. Feelings like fear, excitement, or even awe can trigger the same response. This is an evolutionary 'fight or flight' reaction. By making their hair stand up, our ancestors appeared larger and more intimidating to potential predators. This explains why you might finish (39) __________ a scary movie covered in goosebumps. One researcher explained that our bodies (40) __________ the same way to intense emotions as they did to ancient threats.

So, while this reaction may not serve a critical survival purpose for modern humans, it's a direct link to our evolutionary past. Getting goosebumps is not something that happens (41) __________; it is a predictable response to specific physical and emotional stimuli. If humans still had thick fur like our distant ancestors, this reaction (42) __________ much more useful for staying warm and looking fearsome. It’s a small, visible reminder of our ancient biological heritage.

In Vietnam and across the globe, the dream of becoming a TikTok star is captivating a generation of teenagers. Watching local creators gain millions of followers and national recognition makes the path to online fame seem exciting and accessible. Many young people see creating viral videos as a fun hobby or even a potential career. However, behind the trending dances and funny skits, there is a growing concern about the intense pressure to 'go viral' and its significant, often negative, impact on the mental health of young creators.

The primary issue is the psychological toll. The desire for likes, comments, and shares can create a cycle of anxiety. Creators feel a constant pressure to produce new, engaging content daily. This is often coupled with the damaging habit of comparing their own success to that of more popular influencers, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Furthermore, the fear of negative comments and online criticism can be overwhelming, making the digital world feel like a hostile environment rather than a creative one.

This pressure can also push teenagers towards risky behavior. To stand out in a sea of content, some feel they must participate in extreme or dangerous 'challenges'. News sites like VNExpress have reported on this phenomenon, where trends can sometimes lead to accidents. These challenges can be physically dangerous. They are often copied by thousands of young people who may not fully understand the risks involved, all for a brief moment of online attention. The fame gained from one viral video is often temporary, creating even more pressure to replicate that success.

Of course, using social media isn't inherently bad. It can be a wonderful creative outlet, a way to share talents like drawing or singing, and a tool to build communities with people who have similar interests. The key is the user's mindset. A healthy approach involves creating content for fun and self-expression. An unhealthy obsession develops when a person's self-worth becomes tied to their online metrics, such as view counts and follower numbers. This can lead to them sacrificing sleep, studies, and real-life friendships.

Ultimately, it's crucial for teens to maintain a healthy perspective. The goal should be to enjoy the process of creating, not to desperately chase fame. It is important to remember that online validation is fleeting, while real-life connections and a strong sense of self are far more valuable. Your worth isn't measured in views or likes, but in who you are offline. Balancing online activities with real-world experiences is the best way to navigate the exciting but complex world of social media.