Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-59

Have you ever wondered how you can taste the difference between a sweet strawberry and a sour lemon? The secret lies on your tongue. Our tongues are covered with thousands of (35) __________ bumps called papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. However, the real work of tasting happens inside these structures, in groups of cells called taste buds. Most adults have many thousands of taste buds, which are replaced every couple of weeks.

Each taste bud contains about 50 to 100 taste receptor cells. When we eat, chemicals from the food dissolve in our saliva and enter the papillae to (36) __________ contact with these receptors. The receptors are specialized to detect different chemical compounds in our food. Once a compound is detected, the receptor cells send electrical signals through nerves to the brain, so that our brain (37) __________ recognize the specific taste.

Traditionally, we talk about five basic tastes that our taste buds can identify: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Each of these categories provides important (38) __________ information about what we are eating. For example, sweetness often indicates that a food is rich in energy, while bitterness can act as a warning sign for potentially harmful substances. Salty and sour tastes help us control our body's balance of minerals and acids.

The brain receives these different signals and combines them to create the overall perception of flavor. (39) __________ is the complex process that allows us to distinguish between the taste of a potato chip and a piece of chocolate cake. While there are only five basic tastes, they can be combined in countless ways to create a huge variety of flavors. Sweet and salty are perhaps the (40) __________ familiar tastes to most people around the world.

(41) __________ do the five basic tastes contribute to our experience, but our sense of smell is also crucial in how we perceive flavor. When we chew food, aromas travel from our mouth to the back of our nose. The brain combines this information from the nose with the signals from the tongue. (42) __________, taste is a multisensory experience that involves the tongue, nose, and brain working together to create the flavors we enjoy every day.

Telemedicine, the practice of consulting a doctor remotely using technology like video calls and mobile apps, has rapidly transformed healthcare around the world. Spurred on by the necessities of the COVID-19 pandemic, this digital approach to medicine is no longer a futuristic concept but a present-day reality. In Vietnam, platforms such as Doctor Anywhere and Med247 are connecting patients with medical professionals, offering a new way to access healthcare. For teenagers and their families, the option to speak with a doctor from home raises an important question: is this digital clinic a helpful innovation or are there significant risks to consider?

The primary appeal of telemedicine is its convenience. Imagine feeling unwell but being able to avoid a long journey to a clinic and the crowded waiting rooms. With just a few taps on a smartphone, you can schedule and have a consultation, saving valuable time and energy. This is especially beneficial for managing minor health issues, asking for medical advice, or getting a prescription refilled. Furthermore, telemedicine makes healthcare more accessible for people living in rural areas, far from city hospitals, or for those with mobility issues who find travel difficult. For them, a virtual appointment is not just convenient; it's a critical link to medical care.

However, telemedicine is not without its limitations. The most significant drawback is the inability to conduct a physical examination. Doctors rely on touching, listening to a patient’s breathing, and using medical tools to make an accurate diagnosis. They cannot do this through a screen. This limitation increases the risk of misdiagnosis, as some serious conditions may have subtle symptoms that are only detectable in person. Additionally, the effectiveness of a telemedicine call is dependent on technology. A poor internet connection or a low-quality camera can disrupt the consultation and lead to miscommunication, potentially compromising the quality of care.

Given these pros and cons, telemedicine is best suited for specific situations. It is an excellent tool for follow-up appointments, mental health counseling, dermatology consultations for visible skin conditions, and discussing lab results. It’s also effective for common, non-urgent illnesses like colds or allergies where the symptoms are straightforward. However, it is not appropriate for emergencies, severe pain, injuries that may require an X-ray, or any condition where a hands-on physical assessment is crucial for a proper diagnosis.

In conclusion, telemedicine is a powerful and valuable tool that complements, rather than replaces, traditional healthcare. It offers unprecedented convenience and accessibility, but its limitations mean it must be used wisely. For patients in Vietnam and elsewhere, the key is to understand when a virtual consultation is appropriate and when an in-person visit to a doctor is necessary. The future of healthcare will likely be a hybrid model, combining the best of both digital and physical worlds.