Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-45

Have you ever wondered how your favorite chocolate bar is made? The journey from a bitter bean to a sweet treat is a fascinating process. It all begins on cacao farms in tropical regions. First, ripe cacao pods are carefully harvested from the trees. This is (35) __________ crucial step because the quality of the final product depends heavily on the quality of the beans selected at this stage.

After harvesting, the cacao beans are removed from the pods and fermented for several days. This process is essential; a farmer once explained that this fermentation stage (36) __________ the bitterness and developed the initial chocolate flavors. Following fermentation, the beans are spread out to dry under the sun. This step reduces moisture and prepares them for the next stage of their journey to the factory.

Once the beans arrive at the factory, they are roasted. Roasting is where the rich, familiar chocolate aroma really (37) __________. The beans are then cracked open, and the inner part, called the 'nib,' is separated from the shell. These nibs are ground into a thick, dark liquid called chocolate liquor. This liquor contains both cocoa solids and cocoa butter, the two basic ingredients of chocolate.

The chocolate liquor is then ready for a process called 'conching'. During conching, the liquor is continuously mixed and aerated for hours or even days. This refines the texture, making it smooth. It is at this point that other ingredients like sugar and milk powder are added to create the desired (38) __________. If a chocolatier skipped this part, the final product (39) __________ the same silky-smooth feel.

Finally, the chocolate must be tempered. Tempering involves carefully (40) __________ and cooling the chocolate to very specific temperatures. This is not (41) __________; it requires great precision. (42) __________ achieve the perfect glossy finish and a satisfying 'snap' when broken, tempering must be done correctly. The tempered chocolate is then poured into molds to create the final bars or shapes we all know and love.

Paragraph 1: For decades, air travel was often seen as a luxury, reserved for business trips or the very wealthy. The idea of flying across the country for a weekend holiday seemed like a distant dream for many families. However, the emergence of budget airlines, also known as low-cost carriers (LCCs), has completely transformed the aviation industry. These airlines operate on a simple principle: by eliminating many traditional services, they can offer significantly lower ticket prices, making air travel available to millions more people around the globe.

Paragraph 2: This revolution in travel is particularly noticeable in Southeast Asia, and Vietnam is a prime example. The rise of carriers like Vietjet Air has had a profound impact on domestic tourism. Suddenly, flying from Hanoi to Da Nang or Ho Chi Minh City to Phu Quoc is no longer a major expense. This has made travel far more accessible for young people and families, leading to a boom in weekend getaways and holiday trips. As a result, many Vietnamese teenagers now have the opportunity to explore their own country in ways their parents' generation could only imagine.

Paragraph 3: How do these airlines manage to keep their costs so low? Their business model is built on efficiency and a 'no-frills' approach. Firstly, they often fly to smaller, secondary airports where landing fees are cheaper. Secondly, they aim for quick turnaround times, meaning their planes spend more time in the air and less time on the ground. Most importantly, they 'unbundle' services. This means the base ticket price only covers your seat. They then charge extra for everything else, from checked baggage and seat selection to in-flight meals and drinks.

Paragraph 4: For passengers, especially first-time flyers, this model comes with important trade-offs. The low initial price is attractive, but the final cost can increase unexpectedly if you are not careful. The most common pitfall is baggage fees; a cheap flight can become very expensive if your suitcase is overweight. Furthermore, to fit more people on each flight, the seats are often closer together, resulting in less legroom. Comfort and complimentary services are sacrificed for the sake of a lower fare, a compromise that every traveler must consider before booking.

Paragraph 5: Ultimately, budget airlines have democratized the skies, opening up a world of travel possibilities. They are an excellent option for the savvy, prepared traveler who packs light and understands the rules. By being aware of the trade-offs and planning ahead, you and your family can leverage these low-cost options to see more of the world, or even just more of your own beautiful country, without breaking the bank.