Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-43

Floating oil rigs are modern engineering marvels, huge platforms that operate far out in the ocean. A key challenge for engineers is how to keep these massive structures in place, especially in deep water where they cannot be fixed directly to the seabed. They must float safely (35) __________ the surface for years without drifting away due to powerful ocean currents and winds. This remarkable feat is accomplished using one of two highly advanced anchoring systems, or sometimes a combination of both.

The first method is a traditional mooring system. This system uses (36) __________ massive mooring lines, which are often a combination of heavy chains and strong synthetic ropes. These lines connect the floating rig to special anchors that have been firmly secured deep on the seabed. Think of it like a giant ship's anchor, but far more complex. The network of lines is carefully arranged around the rig to hold it in a relatively fixed position, balancing the powerful forces of nature.

Designing a mooring system is an incredibly complex task. Engineers must carefully calculate the forces that will act on the rig, such as extreme weather conditions. The system must be strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and massive waves. (37) __________, it also needs to be flexible enough to allow for some small, safe movements. If the system were too rigid, the constant tension could cause the mooring lines to break under stress.

An alternative to mooring is a system called Dynamic Positioning (DP). This is a high-tech system (38) __________ uses a set of powerful, computer-controlled propellers, known as thrusters. The computer constantly receives data from GPS satellites about the rig's exact location, as well as information about wind and water currents from sensors. It then automatically adjusts the thrusters to (39) __________ any drift. This means the rig is actively (40) __________ its position every second of the day.

The choice between a mooring system and Dynamic Positioning often depends on factors like water depth and specific operational requirements. For ultra-deep water, DP is often preferred. Sometimes, a hybrid system is the best (41) __________, combining both mooring lines and thrusters for maximum stability. The (42) __________ goal, regardless of the method used, is to ensure the safety of the crew and the operational integrity of the multi-billion dollar platform.

In today's digital age, the camera you carry everywhere is likely the one in your pocket. The quality of smartphone cameras has skyrocketed, fueling the rise of mobile photography as a legitimate art form and powering social media trends like Vietnam's 'sống ảo' (virtual living) culture. This raises a fascinating question: can a smartphone, with all its smart software, truly compete with a dedicated professional camera, like a DSLR? The answer isn't a simple yes or no; it depends on what you value in a photograph.

The secret to a smartphone's power lies not in its hardware alone, but in its sophisticated software. Modern phones rely on something called computational photography. This clever technology uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to quickly capture and combine several images into a single, highly detailed shot. Features like Night Mode, which brightens dark scenes, or Portrait Mode, which artfully blurs the background, are all results of this processing. The phone essentially 'thinks' for you, using algorithms to overcome the physical limitations of its small lens and sensor.

On the other hand, professional cameras still hold a significant advantage in pure image quality, thanks to fundamental physics. They are equipped with much larger sensors and high-quality, interchangeable lenses. A larger sensor can capture significantly more light and information, which results in photos with better detail, less noise (graininess) in dark conditions, and a more natural-looking depth of field. For a photographer who needs to print images in a large format or have maximum creative control, the superior hardware of a DSLR is indispensable.

However, the debate over technology often misses the most crucial component: the photographer. A powerful camera in the hands of an amateur will likely produce a boring photo, while a skilled artist can create a masterpiece with just a basic phone. The principles of what makes a great image—compelling composition, an understanding of light, and the ability to tell a story—are universal. Mastering these skills is far more important than owning the most expensive gear. The tool is secondary to the vision behind it.

Ultimately, the gap between smartphone and professional cameras is closing, but a distinction remains. For everyday moments, social media, and spontaneous snapshots, your smartphone is a wonderfully capable tool. But for professional applications where ultimate quality and versatility are required, dedicated cameras still reign supreme. The best advice for any aspiring photographer is to learn the craft, because the best camera is always the one you have with you and know how to use.