Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-38

The Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu over 4,500 years ago, remains one of the world's most impressive ancient wonders. For centuries, people have asked how (35) __________ ancient civilization, without modern technology, could construct such a massive monument. The pyramid was built using more than two million stone blocks, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons. The precision and scale of the project are simply astounding.

First, the enormous stones were quarried from sites near and far. The main body of the pyramid used local limestone, but the more durable granite for important chambers was brought from Aswan, over 800 kilometers away. (36) __________ move these heavy blocks, workers likely used wooden sleds, which they pulled over wet sand to reduce friction. This method required a huge amount of organized (37) __________, with thousands of people working together in a coordinated effort.

The next challenge was lifting the stones into place. Most experts agree that ramps were essential. One popular theory suggests a long, straight ramp was built up one side of the pyramid. Workers would then have to continue (38) __________ the sleds up the steep incline. Another theory suggests a spiral ramp was constructed, and engineers had to (39) __________ how to support its weight as it wrapped around the pyramid.

Historians once believed that slave labor was used to build the pyramids. However, modern archaeological evidence suggests otherwise. Experts now report that the builders (40) __________ skilled, paid laborers who lived in a nearby, well-organized city. If their motivation had been purely for pay, the pyramids (41) __________ with such incredible precision.

Ultimately, while many mysteries remain, our understanding of the pyramid's construction has advanced significantly. The combination of simple tools, clever techniques, and a massive, dedicated workforce made the impossible possible. The Great Pyramid is not just a tomb; it is a (42) __________ to human ingenuity and collaboration that continues to inspire awe.

Every four years, the global mathematics community turns its attention to one of its most prestigious events: the awarding of the Fields Medal. Often described as the 'Nobel Prize of Mathematics', it is an honor that recognizes outstanding mathematical achievement for existing work and for the promise of future accomplishment. Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Fields Medal has a strict age limit: recipients must be under 40 years old. This rule emphasizes the importance of encouraging young, brilliant minds to continue pushing the boundaries of knowledge.

In 2010, Vietnam celebrated a historic moment of national pride when Professor Ngô Bảo Châu was awarded the Fields Medal. He received this high honor for his proof of the 'Fundamental Lemma', a complex and long-standing problem in modern mathematics. His work was not just a personal triumph but a significant event for his home country, showcasing Vietnamese intellectual power on the world stage. The proof itself was a monumental achievement, connecting deep ideas from two different areas of mathematics, and it confirmed his status as one of the leading mathematicians of his generation. The term fundamental here implies its core importance to a larger mathematical theory.

Professor Châu's journey to the top was one of dedication and intellectual curiosity. His early talent for mathematics was evident from a young age. It was carefully cultivated through specialized education, first at the High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi National University of Science, and later at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. This combination of a strong educational foundation in Vietnam and advanced studies abroad provided him with the tools and perspectives necessary to tackle some of the most difficult problems in his field.

The news of his award was met with widespread excitement and celebration across Vietnam. The government honored him, and media outlets, from major news channels to online newspapers like Dân Trí, covered the story extensively. For many, Professor Châu became a national hero. His success sent a powerful message to the country's youth: that with hard work, passion, and dedication, a Vietnamese student could reach the absolute peak of global academic achievement. He became a living symbol of inspiration for excellence in education.

Today, the legacy of Professor Ngô Bảo Châu extends far beyond his 2010 medal. He actively contributes to the development of mathematics in Vietnam by leading the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM). His story is not just about solving one difficult problem; it is a testament to the power of perseverance and a reminder to young students everywhere that the pursuit of knowledge is a noble and rewarding journey.