Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-32

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary technology that allows us to create solid objects from digital files. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods that cut away material from a large block, 3D printing builds an object from the ground up. (35) __________ of carving something out, it adds material layer by layer. This process, also known as additive manufacturing, turns a digital idea into a physical item you can hold in your hand.

The journey begins with a digital design. First, a designer creates a 3D model on a computer using special software called CAD (Computer-Aided Design). This model is a detailed digital blueprint (36) __________ contains all the geometric information about the object's shape and size. For those who are not designers, many websites offer pre-made digital models that can be downloaded and used.

Next, the completed digital model must be prepared for the printer. This is done using another piece of software called a 'slicer'. The core (37) __________ of the slicer is to cut the 3D model into hundreds or thousands of thin, horizontal layers. The slicer then generates a set of instructions, called G-code, that tells the printer exactly how to move and where to place the material for each layer.

Then, the exciting part begins: the actual printing. The process (38) __________ of a printer head moving back and forth, or up and down, releasing a thin stream of material, such as plastic, resin, or even metal. The printer follows the G-code instructions precisely. (39) __________ layer is printed directly onto the previous one, and they fuse together. The printer head (40) __________ deposits the material, and slowly, the object starts to take shape in the physical world.

Finally, once the printing process (41) __________, the object is almost ready. It needs to be carefully removed from the printer platform. Sometimes, it is necessary to (42) __________ a few small adjustments, like removing temporary support structures that were printed to hold up overhanging parts. After these finishing touches, the custom-made object is complete and ready to be used or admired.

For millions of Vietnamese teenagers, online accounts are more than just digital profiles; they are central hubs for social life, entertainment, and identity. Platforms like Facebook connect them with friends, while games from publishers like Garena offer worlds of competitive fun. However, this deep integration into daily life has a dark side. Cybersecurity experts are seeing a significant rise in cyberattacks specifically targeting these accounts, turning valuable personal assets into profitable opportunities for criminals.

But what makes a simple Facebook or Garena account so valuable to a hacker? The answer lies in what they contain. A compromised Facebook account is a powerful tool for fraud. Hackers can use it to scam the victim's friends and family, often by creating fake emergencies and asking for money. They can also sell access to the account itself or use it to promote malicious links. Similarly, Garena game accounts, especially high-level ones, often hold rare and expensive in-game items like character skins or powerful weapons. These virtual goods have a real-world cash value on illegal online black markets.

Cybercriminals use several common methods to steal login credentials. The most prevalent is 'phishing', where they create fake websites that look identical to the real Facebook or Garena login pages. Users are tricked into entering their username and password, which are then sent directly to the hacker. These scams are often spread through messages promising free game items or other unbelievable rewards. Vietnamese cybersecurity firm Bkav has repeatedly warned that such tactics are widespread in Vietnam, making many users vulnerable to these deceptive attacks.

Once hackers gain control, the consequences for the original owner can be devastating. Beyond the initial shock of being locked out of their own account, victims may face financial loss if their details are used for fraudulent purchases. There is also significant reputational damage, as hackers can post inappropriate content or send offensive messages to the victim's contacts. They impersonate the owner to exploit the trust of their social circle, causing emotional distress and damaging relationships.

Fortunately, protecting your accounts is not impossible. The most crucial step is to use strong, unique passwords for each of your accounts and to enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) wherever possible. 2FA adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second code, usually from your phone, to log in. Furthermore, it is essential to be skeptical of unsolicited messages and links, even if they appear to be from friends. Regularly updating your software and apps also helps patch security holes that hackers might exploit. These practices are fundamental to good digital hygiene.