Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-21

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary technology that allows us to create solid objects from digital files. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods that cut away material from a large block, 3D printing builds an object from the ground up. (35) __________ of carving something out, it adds material layer by layer. This process, also known as additive manufacturing, turns a digital idea into a physical item you can hold in your hand.

The journey begins with a digital design. First, a designer creates a 3D model on a computer using special software called CAD (Computer-Aided Design). This model is a detailed digital blueprint (36) __________ contains all the geometric information about the object's shape and size. For those who are not designers, many websites offer pre-made digital models that can be downloaded and used.

Next, the completed digital model must be prepared for the printer. This is done using another piece of software called a 'slicer'. The core (37) __________ of the slicer is to cut the 3D model into hundreds or thousands of thin, horizontal layers. The slicer then generates a set of instructions, called G-code, that tells the printer exactly how to move and where to place the material for each layer.

Then, the exciting part begins: the actual printing. The process (38) __________ of a printer head moving back and forth, or up and down, releasing a thin stream of material, such as plastic, resin, or even metal. The printer follows the G-code instructions precisely. (39) __________ layer is printed directly onto the previous one, and they fuse together. The printer head (40) __________ deposits the material, and slowly, the object starts to take shape in the physical world.

Finally, once the printing process (41) __________, the object is almost ready. It needs to be carefully removed from the printer platform. Sometimes, it is necessary to (42) __________ a few small adjustments, like removing temporary support structures that were printed to hold up overhanging parts. After these finishing touches, the custom-made object is complete and ready to be used or admired.

When most people hear the term 'Virtual Reality' (VR), they immediately think of video games. While VR has certainly revolutionized the entertainment industry, its potential extends far beyond creating imaginary worlds for fun. In some of the world's most demanding professions, such as medicine and aviation, VR is emerging as a critical training tool. This technology offers a safe, controlled environment where professionals can practice high-stakes skills without real-world consequences, transforming how we prepare for jobs where mistakes can be costly.

In the medical field, VR is changing how surgeons are trained. Aspiring surgeons can use VR simulations to perform complex operations on virtual patients. This allows them to practice intricate procedures, like neurosurgery or heart surgery, hundreds of times. Every movement can be tracked and analyzed, providing immediate feedback on their technique. The key advantage is the absence of risk; a mistake in a virtual operating room doesn't harm a real person. This repetitive, risk-free practice helps build muscle memory and decision-making skills that are essential under the pressure of a real surgery.

Similarly, the aviation industry has embraced VR to train pilots. Flight simulators, powered by advanced VR technology, can replicate a wide range of flying conditions and emergency scenarios. Pilots-in-training can face everything from severe thunderstorms to engine failures in these virtual cockpits. They learn how to react calmly and correctly in dangerous situations that would be impossible or too risky to create in real life. This immersive experience is crucial for developing the confidence and competence needed to ensure the safety of hundreds of passengers.

The benefits of using VR for professional training are numerous. Firstly, it provides an unparalleled level of safety. Secondly, it is often more cost-effective than traditional training methods, which might require the use of expensive equipment like a real airplane or a fully staffed operating theater. Thirdly, scenarios can be repeated endlessly until a skill is perfected. In Vietnam, forward-thinking institutions like FPT University are already integrating such VR simulations into their engineering and technology curricula, preparing a new generation of professionals for the future.

In conclusion, while VR continues to be a source of entertainment, its most profound impact may come from its practical applications in professional training. By providing realistic, repeatable, and safe learning environments, VR is not just changing a game—it is helping to train professionals who save lives and prevent disasters, proving that technology developed for fun can have very serious and beneficial uses.