Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-173

How do we define a 'day'? On Earth, we think of it as 24 hours. However, the scientific definition is a bit more specific. A day on any planet is the amount of time it takes for that planet to (35) __________ one complete time on its axis. This is known as a sidereal day. The time it takes for a planet to finish (36) __________ one full circle determines the length of its day.

Every planet spins on (37) __________ imaginary line called its axis, which runs through its center from the North Pole to the South Pole. (38) __________ understand this better, imagine a spinning top. Just like the top, a planet's rotation creates the cycle of day and night. The side of the planet facing its star experiences daytime, while the opposite side is in darkness, experiencing nighttime.

Not all planets spin at the same speed. For example, Earth completes one rotation in about 24 hours. In contrast, Jupiter spins very quickly, completing a rotation in just under 10 hours. Early astronomers reported that Jupiter (39) __________ much faster than Earth. Venus, on the other hand, rotates incredibly slowly; one day on Venus is longer than its entire year!

The speed of rotation has a significant impact on a planet's climate and environment. If a planet spun very slowly, its days and nights (40) __________ extremely long. This would cause extreme temperature differences between the day and night sides. Scientists had to (41) __________ the different rotation speeds for each planet using advanced telescopes and calculations to understand these effects.

Therefore, defining a 'day' is not as simple as just saying '24 hours'. It's a fundamental concept in astronomy that depends entirely on a planet's unique rotation. Studying these differences is fascinating, and for astronomers who research celestial mechanics, it's all (42) __________.

Have you ever scrolled through your social media feed and seen photos of your friends at a party you weren't invited to, or on a trip to a cool new cafe in Hanoi? A sinking feeling might wash over you – a mix of sadness, anxiety, and the sense that your life isn't as exciting as everyone else's. This feeling has a name: The Fear of Missing Out, or FOMO. It's a type of social anxiety that has become increasingly common in the digital age, particularly among teenagers who are navigating the complex world of social connections both online and off.

Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok are major contributors to this phenomenon. They present a continuous stream of others' achievements, celebrations, and perfect-looking moments. The problem is that these feeds are not an accurate reflection of reality. Instead, they are often a curated collection of highlights, carefully selected to show only the best parts of a person's life. When you see your classmates at a K-Pop concert you couldn't attend, you're not seeing the boring moments or daily struggles they also experience. This constant exposure to idealized versions of others' lives can make your own seem inadequate in comparison.

The psychological impact of FOMO can be significant. It can lead to lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, and a general feeling of dissatisfaction with life. This creates a negative loop; the feeling of inadequacy pushes you to check social media more frequently for validation, but this action only intensifies the anxiety, making it a difficult cycle to break. This constant comparison can prevent you from appreciating your own unique journey and accomplishments, leaving you feeling perpetually behind.

Fortunately, it is possible to manage FOMO and reclaim your peace of mind. The first and most crucial step is to recognize and acknowledge the feeling when it arises. Simply naming it as 'FOMO' can reduce its power. Another effective strategy is to practice a 'digital detox,' which means taking intentional breaks from social media. Use that time to focus on your own hobbies, connect with family, or meet a friend in person. Finally, it's vital to remind yourself that what you see online is just a highlight reel, not the full story. By shifting your focus from the virtual world to your real one, you can build self-confidence and find joy in your own experiences, not the ones you think you're missing out on.