Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-168

In (35) __________ ecosystem, from the busiest forest to the quietest pond, there is a special group of organisms known as decomposers. These organisms have an incredibly important job. They are nature’s clean-up crew, responsible for recycling dead material. Without them, our planet would be covered in dead plants and animals. Their work is (36) __________ for maintaining the balance of life.

The main types of decomposers are bacteria and fungi. Fungi, like mushrooms, are organisms (37) __________ often grow on dead wood or leaves. Bacteria are microscopic living things that exist almost everywhere. Both of these groups have a similar (38) __________ in the environment: they get their energy by consuming dead organic matter.

The process of decomposition is fascinating. When a plant or animal dies, its body is not wasted. Decomposers start to work, and the complex materials in the dead organism (39) __________ into simpler substances. This is achieved through special chemicals that the decomposers release. Essentially, they digest the material outside of their bodies.

(40) __________, these simpler substances, called nutrients, are returned to the environment. The soil becomes rich (41) __________ elements like nitrogen and phosphorus, which are vital for plants. Plants absorb these nutrients through their roots, allowing them to grow strong and healthy. This cycle ensures that the building blocks of life are constantly reused.

In conclusion, decomposers (42) __________ a critical role in every food chain. By breaking down dead material and returning nutrients to the soil, they connect the end of one life cycle to the beginning of another. They are the unseen heroes that keep our ecosystems productive and clean, ensuring that life can continue to flourish.

Organ transplantation is a triumph of modern medicine, offering a second chance at life to patients with failing organs. By the early 2000s, while this field was well-established in many parts of the world, it remained a formidable challenge in Vietnam. The nation's medical community dreamed of the day they could perform such complex procedures independently. That dream was on the verge of becoming a reality at Military Hospital 103 in Hanoi, where a dedicated team was preparing to make history.

The journey to the operating room was long and demanding. For years, a team of Vietnamese doctors, led by the renowned Professor Le The Trung, had been training intensively, both at home and abroad. The stakes were incredibly high. The patient was a young woman named Nguyen Thi Dien, who was suffering from end-stage liver disease. The search for a donor led to her own family, and her younger brother bravely volunteered to donate a part of his liver. The planning was meticulous, involving hundreds of simulations and the coordination of numerous medical departments to ensure every possible scenario was accounted for.

On February 21, 2004, the landmark surgery began. Inside the operating room, the atmosphere was a mix of intense concentration and nervous anticipation. The complex procedure of removing a portion of the healthy liver from the brother and transplanting it into his sister required extraordinary precision and skill. For nearly 15 hours, the all-Vietnamese surgical team worked tirelessly. As they navigated each critical stage of the operation, they were not just saving a life; they were carrying the hopes of an entire nation's medical field on their shoulders.

The successful completion of the surgery was a moment of immense pride and relief. Nguyen Thi Dien made a good recovery, and the operation was declared a historic success. This single event was a watershed moment for medicine in Vietnam. It proved that Vietnamese doctors possessed the skill and expertise to perform world-class surgeries without foreign assistance. The achievement at Military Hospital 103 paved the way for many more successful organ transplants in the country, including heart and kidney transplants, solidifying Vietnam’s position on the global medical map.

More than just a medical breakthrough, the story of Vietnam's first liver transplant is a powerful testament to human courage, dedication, and teamwork. It demonstrates the incredible outcomes that are possible when skilled professionals work together towards a common goal. For teenagers considering a future in healthcare, this event serves as a profound source of inspiration, showcasing the deeply human side of medicine and its power to create miracles.