Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-164

Have you ever wondered how the electricity for your lights and computer gets to your home? The journey of electricity is a fascinating process that begins far away. This entire system starts at a special facility called a power plant, where large amounts of electricity (35) __________ using different energy sources like coal, gas, or renewable sources such as wind and solar power.

After the electricity is created, it cannot be sent directly to our homes. First, it goes to a step-up transformer, a device (36) __________ changes the voltage. To be efficient for long-distance travel, its voltage is increased to an extremely (37) __________ level. This high-voltage electricity is then sent from the power plant into a vast network of cables known as the electrical grid.

The grid is like a highway system for electricity. It allows power to (38) __________ long distances across the country without losing too (39) __________ energy. This electricity moves (40) __________ thick transmission lines, which are often supported by tall metal towers you might see in the countryside. The grid connects many power plants and communities together, ensuring a constant supply of energy.

(41) __________, this high voltage is too dangerous for homes and businesses. Therefore, before the electricity reaches your neighborhood, it must go through another type of transformer called a step-down transformer. This device does the opposite of the first one; it significantly reduces the voltage to a much safer level for everyday use.

Finally, this lower-voltage electricity is delivered through smaller, local power lines, which can be seen along streets, either overhead or underground. From these lines, the power travels to your home's electrical panel. This complex journey ensures the safe and efficient (42) __________ of power, allowing us to use our electronic devices with just the flip of a switch.

You’re scrolling through Facebook when you see it: a fun, colourful quiz shared by a friend. 'Which Vietnamese City Should You Live In?' or 'What Kind of Bánh Mì Are You?'. It seems like a harmless and entertaining way to pass a few minutes. You answer some simple questions, and in return, you get a fun result to share with your friends. Many of us, especially teenagers, enjoy these quizzes because they feel personal and are fun to compare with others. But have you ever stopped to wonder what’s really happening behind the screen when you click 'Start Quiz'?

When you begin one of these quizzes, a pop-up window usually asks for your permission to access your social media profile. This often includes not just your basic information, like your name and age, but also your friend list, your photos, and even the pages you have liked. This data is incredibly valuable to companies. The quiz creators are not just providing entertainment; they are often engaging in 'data harvesting'. They collect this information, package it, and can sell it to marketing firms and other businesses that want to know everything about potential customers.

So, why do these companies want your data so badly? The reason is targeted advertising. By analyzing your likes, your friends' interests, and your quiz answers, companies can build a surprisingly detailed profile about you. Businesses, such as large e-commerce platforms like Tiki or Shopee, can then use this profile to show you advertisements that are specifically designed to appeal to you. They know what you might be interested in buying before you do. This makes their advertising more effective and increases their sales, making your data a powerful tool for them.

The risks, however, go beyond just seeing more ads. Once your data is collected, you lose control over it. It can be sold and resold to numerous other companies without your knowledge. In the event of a data breach at one of these companies, your personal information could be leaked to hackers. Furthermore, this data can be used to create complex psychological profiles, which can be used not just for marketing, but potentially to influence opinions or behaviors in ways that are not transparent.

This does not mean you have to stop having fun online. Instead, it’s about becoming a more informed digital citizen. Before you click 'Agree' on any quiz or app, take a moment to review the permissions it is asking for. Does a simple quiz really need access to your entire friend list? Be critical and adjust your privacy settings on social media platforms. By being more mindful, you can protect your personal information while still enjoying the connected world.