Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-157

Concrete is an essential material in our modern world, forming the backbone of everything from skyscrapers to sidewalks. It is, by far, the (35) __________ widely used construction material on Earth. The reason for its popularity lies in its incredible strength, durability, and versatility. While it may seem like a simple grey substance, concrete is actually a carefully balanced composite material, created from a specific recipe of ingredients that have been perfected over many years.

The fundamental recipe for concrete involves three main parts: a paste and an aggregate. The paste consists of Portland cement and water, which, when combined, start a chemical reaction. This paste coats the surface of the aggregate, which is typically a mix of sand and gravel. As the paste hardens, it (36) __________ all the individual particles of sand and gravel together into a single, solid mass. This process is what gives concrete its rock-like characteristics.

Achieving the right consistency and strength is a science. Engineers and construction workers must (37) __________ precise calculations to determine the exact proportions of water, cement, sand, and gravel. Too much water can weaken the final product, while too little can make it difficult to mix and pour. (38) __________ is what ensures the concrete will be able to support heavy loads and last for decades without failing.

Once mixed, the wet concrete (39) __________ be transported and poured quickly, before it begins to set. It is typically poured into molds or forms, which hold it in the desired shape as it hardens. This initial (40) __________ process can take several hours, but the concrete continues to strengthen for weeks or even months. Only after it has fully cured (41) __________ the structure possess its designed load-bearing capacity and durability.

(42) __________, the journey of concrete from a simple mixture of powder, water, and stones to the foundation of our cities is a testament to human ingenuity. Its simplicity, combined with its immense strength, ensures that it will remain a vital component of construction for the foreseeable future.

Have you ever found yourself endlessly scrolling through a story on your phone, completely absorbed in its world? If so, you may have been reading a webtoon. Originating in South Korea, webtoons are digital comics specifically designed for reading on smartphones. They are published in a long, vertical strip, which allows for a seamless scrolling experience perfectly suited to mobile screens. This innovative format has exploded in popularity worldwide, and Vietnam is no exception. Platforms like the Vinagame-owned Zalo Webtoon have attracted millions of readers, showcasing both translated Korean hits and original Vietnamese series. But what makes this format so addictive?

The genius of webtoons lies in their mobile-first design. Unlike traditional comics that are constrained by the physical page, webtoons use the infinite canvas of the screen. The vertical layout allows creators to control the pacing of the story, using space between panels to build suspense or create dramatic effect. This format is ideal for the short bursts of free time people have throughout the day, like during a commute or a lunch break. Furthermore, a key part of their appeal is their use of vibrant, full-color illustrations from the very start, which makes the stories visually stunning and engaging in a way that many black-and-white print comics are not.

Beyond the format, the content itself is a major draw. Webtoons cover an incredible range of genres, from romance and fantasy to horror and slice-of-life, ensuring there is something for everyone. Most series are released episodically, with a new chapter typically appearing once a week. This regular schedule creates anticipation and keeps readers coming back for more. Crucially, webtoons foster a strong sense of community. Fans eagerly share theories and reactions in the comments section below each episode. It has become an essential part of the reading experience, allowing fans to connect with each other and the creators.

So, how do these platforms make money if so much content is free? The answer lies in the 'freemium' business model. Most series allow you to read a large number of chapters for free, which lowers the barrier for new readers to get invested in a story. Once they are hooked, readers can choose to pay a small fee for a 'Fast Pass' to read upcoming episodes ahead of the free schedule, or to unlock completed series. This model makes webtoons highly accessible, removing the initial cost that might prevent someone from trying a new comic.

In conclusion, the global success of webtoons is no accident. It is the result of a perfect combination of factors: a format designed for the digital age, diverse and engaging content that builds community, and a clever business model that welcomes new readers. They are more than just a trend; they represent a significant evolution in how stories are created and consumed by a mobile-first generation.