Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-157

An earthquake is a natural event caused by the movement of the Earth's outermost layer. The Earth's surface is not one solid piece; instead, it (35) __________ of several large sections called tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-molten layer beneath them, known as the mantle. The study of these geological forces helps us understand why some regions are more prone to seismic activity than others.

These plates are constantly moving, grinding against each other (36) __________ boundaries known as fault lines. This movement is usually very slow, only a few centimeters per year, which is why we do not feel it in our daily lives. The interaction between plates at these fault lines is the primary source of seismic energy.

Most of the time, this movement is slow and unnoticeable. (37) __________, sometimes the plates get stuck due to friction. While the plates are locked together, the rest of the plates continue to move, which causes enormous pressure to (38) __________ up over many years. This stored energy is similar to the energy you store when you stretch a rubber band.

When the pressure becomes too great, the rocks suddenly break and shift, releasing energy in the form of (39) __________ vibrations called seismic waves. These are the waves (40) __________ travel through the Earth and cause the ground to shake. The point deep within the Earth where the earthquake begins is called the hypocenter.

The shaking is strongest at the earthquake's origin and becomes weaker as the waves travel outwards. The point on the surface directly above where the earthquake starts is called the epicenter, and this is where the (41) __________ damage usually occurs. The shaking can have a devastating (42) __________ on buildings and infrastructure, making earthquake preparedness essential for communities in active zones.

In a small, bustling alley in Ho Chi Minh City, the air is thick with the smell of engine oil and the constant noise of tools. This is the world of Mr. Ba, a humble motorbike repairman. By day, he skillfully fixes engines and replaces tires, his hands perpetually stained with grease. But when the sun sets and most shopkeepers close for the night, Mr. Ba’s small garage undergoes a remarkable transformation. His real work, the work of his heart, is about to begin.

The idea for his night class was born from observation. Mr. Ba noticed many children from poor migrant families in his neighborhood struggling with their homework. Their parents, often working long hours as street vendors or construction workers, lacked the time or education to help them. Believing that education was the only way out of poverty, he decided to act. He cleaned a corner of his garage, set up a secondhand blackboard, and gathered some chalk. At first, it was a challenge to convince parents, who were skeptical, but his persistence and genuine care soon won them over.

Every evening at 7 p.m., the sounds of engines are replaced by the murmur of young voices reciting lessons. The greasy floor is covered with simple mats where about 15 children, aged 8 to 14, sit and learn. Mr. Ba, now a teacher, patiently explains math problems and helps with Vietnamese literature. He is not a certified educator, but he is a dedicated one. He spends his own money on notebooks and pens for the children, and his only payment is seeing the spark of understanding in their eyes. The atmosphere is one of focus, warmth, and shared purpose.

The effects of Mr. Ba’s efforts have become visible over time. The children’s school grades have improved significantly, but more importantly, they have gained confidence and a safe, encouraging environment to learn and grow. His small initiative has created a ripple effect in the community. Other residents, inspired by his selflessness, have started to contribute. Some bring snacks for the children, others donate old books and school supplies. They see that it is not just a class; it is an investment in the neighborhood's future.

When asked why he does it, Mr. Ba simply smiles and says, “I’m not a hero. I just had a bit of knowledge and some spare time. Knowledge is the only thing that can truly change their future.” His story is a powerful reminder that philanthropy is not about the size of the donation, but the size of the heart. It demonstrates that one person’s commitment can illuminate the path for many others.