Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-140

Deep (35) __________ the ocean, far from the light of the sun, exists a mysterious world. In this cold, dark environment at the bottom of the sea, many creatures have developed a remarkable ability called bioluminescence. This is a natural process (36) __________ allows living organisms to produce their own light. This "living light" is not just for show; it is a critical tool for survival where there is no other light source available.

The science behind bioluminescence is a chemical reaction. It involves a substance called luciferin, which (37) __________ light when it reacts with an enzyme, usually luciferase. This process is incredibly efficient, converting chemical energy into light with very little heat produced. Unlike a light bulb that gets hot, nearly all the energy in this reaction becomes light, making it a perfect adaptation for life in the deep.

Creatures use this ability for several important reasons. A key purpose is to hunt for food. The famous anglerfish, for example, uses a glowing lure to attract smaller fish. By dangling this light in front of its mouth, it can (38) __________ draw in prey that might otherwise swim past in the darkness. This strategy saves the predator a lot of energy that would be spent searching for a meal.

(39) __________, light is not only used for hunting. It is also a vital tool for defense. Some squid, for instance, release a cloud of glowing liquid to confuse a predator, giving them a chance to escape. This startling (40) __________ can disorient an attacker, similar to how a flash of bright light can momentarily blind us. For others, a sudden flash can signal a warning to other potential threats in the area.

Finally, bioluminescence is essential for communication. In the vast darkness of the deep sea, finding a mate can be a huge challenge. (41) __________ species have unique patterns of light that they use to signal to and identify each other. Scientists (42) __________ new things about this amazing phenomenon and how crucial it is for the complex ecosystems found in the deepest parts of our world.

The hum of excitement is growing in Ho Chi Minh City. Soon, the city's first metro line will begin operations, promising to transform the daily commute for millions. But this new system is more than just tracks and trains; it represents a significant cultural shift. As the city embraces this modern form of mass transit, its citizens will need to learn and adopt a new set of social rules for sharing public space, creating a unique 'metro culture' for a new era.

At the heart of this new culture is the concept of public transport etiquette. This refers to the unwritten rules of polite behavior that ensure a smooth and pleasant journey for everyone. For example, passengers will be expected to queue in an orderly line instead of crowding at the doors. It will be important to let people exit the train before new passengers get on. Furthermore, showing consideration for others is key. When passengers see elderly people, pregnant women, or those with young children, they should be ready to offer their seats. These simple acts of courtesy are fundamental to a positive shared experience.

The responsibility for a pleasant journey extends beyond just how we interact with each other. It also involves how we treat the physical environment of the metro itself. Keeping the stations and train cars clean is crucial. This means no littering, no spitting, and being mindful of eating food with strong smells that might bother others. This level of collective responsibility may be different from what people are used to on other forms of transport. A clean and well-maintained system is a direct result of its users' respect for the shared space, making the commute more comfortable and enjoyable for all.

The city's youth, particularly teenagers, have a special role to play in this transition. As some of the most frequent users, whether for school or socializing with friends, you will be on the front lines of this cultural change. By consciously practicing good metro etiquette, you can become role models for other passengers, both younger and older. This is a chance for your generation to demonstrate leadership and help establish a new standard of public behavior built on mutual respect and consideration for fellow citizens.

Ultimately, the success of the HCMC Metro will not be measured solely by its efficiency or technological sophistication. It will also be measured by the civility and cooperation of its passengers. The new metro line is a test, not just of new infrastructure, but of the community's willingness to adapt and evolve together. Building a positive metro culture is a collective effort that will define the public face of the city for years to come.