Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-132

Have you ever wondered how we (35) __________ hear the world around us? From the melody of a song to the warning of a car horn, our sense of hearing is constantly working. The process begins with sound waves, which are invisible vibrations that travel through the air. The outer part of the ear, called the pinna, is shaped specifically to collect these waves and guide them into the ear.

Once collected, these waves travel down a narrow (36) __________ called the ear canal. At the end of the canal, they reach the eardrum, a thin piece of skin stretched tight like a drum. When the sound waves hit the eardrum, they cause it to vibrate. These vibrations are then passed to three tiny bones in the middle ear, the smallest bones in the human body. These tiny bones then (37) __________ an important role by amplifying the vibrations.

After that, the amplified vibrations are passed to the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that is filled with fluid. The movement of the bones creates waves in this fluid. The cochlea’s structure is so (38) __________ that it can distinguish between different frequencies, which is how we can tell high-pitched sounds from low-pitched ones.

Inside the cochlea are thousands of microscopic hair cells. As the fluid moves, it bends these tiny hair cells. Some sounds create bigger waves than others, leading to (39) __________ signals being sent to the brain. The hair cells convert the mechanical vibrations of the sound wave into electrical signals. (40) __________ is the crucial step where sound becomes a message the brain can read.

Only after these electrical signals are sent along the auditory nerve to the brain (41) __________ we actually perceive the sound. The brain then interprets these signals, allowing us to recognize them as speech, music, or noise. (42) __________, the process of hearing is a remarkable and complex journey from a simple wave in the air to a meaningful sound in our minds.

Imagine designing a unique object on your computer—a detailed model of a historical building, a custom phone case, or a complex scientific structure—and then, just a few hours later, holding a physical version of it in your hands. This is the incredible power of 3D printing, a technology also known as additive manufacturing. Unlike traditional methods that cut away material, 3D printing builds an object layer by layer from a digital file, transforming digital ideas into tangible reality.

The process begins with a 3D model created using computer-aided design (CAD) software. This digital blueprint is then sent to a 3D printer, which reads the file and begins constructing the object. Using materials like plastic filament, the printer deposits one thin layer on top of another until the final form is complete. The technology is incredibly versatile, allowing for the creation of everything from simple toys and artistic jewelry to functional prototypes for engineering students. This flexibility makes it a revolutionary tool for personalized creation.

In education, 3D printing is opening up a new world of interactive learning. Instead of just reading about a DNA helix in a biology textbook, a student can now design and print a physical model to study its structure up close. This hands-on approach can lead to a much deeper and more memorable understanding of complex subjects. Recognizing this potential, leading Vietnamese universities, such as the Hanoi University of Science and Technology, have established 'Fab Labs' (Fabrication Laboratories). These innovative spaces are equipped with 3D printers and other tools to encourage student innovation. They provide a platform for students to experiment, create, and bring their academic concepts to life.

However, the technology is not without its challenges. The initial cost of high-quality 3D printers can be significant for some schools. Furthermore, creating a successful 3D print requires students to develop new skills, particularly in using CAD software, which can have a steep learning curve. The printing process itself can be time-consuming, and there is always a possibility of prints failing due to technical errors, wasting both time and materials.

Despite these obstacles, the future of 3D printing in education looks bright. As the technology becomes more affordable and user-friendly, more schools will likely adopt it. For students, this means an unprecedented opportunity to move beyond being passive consumers of information and become active creators and innovators. The ability to design, prototype, and produce your own creations is a powerful skill that bridges the gap between the digital world and the real one.