Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-130

The human spine, often called the backbone, is (35) __________ central support structure of the body. It plays a vital role in our ability to stand upright, bend, and twist. The spine is not a single, rigid bone; instead, it (36) __________ of 33 individual bones called vertebrae, which are stacked on top of one another. This complex column runs from the base of the skull down to the pelvis, providing a strong yet flexible framework for the body.

Located between each vertebra is a soft, cushion-like pad called an intervertebral disc. These discs are filled with a gel-like substance (37) __________ they can act as shock absorbers, protecting the spine from the stress of walking, running, and jumping. The discs are crucial for movement, as they allow for slight motion between the vertebrae. This structure is what allows the back (38) __________ in many different directions without causing damage to the bones.

The spine's design is a marvel of engineering. It has two primary functions: support and flexibility. It holds up the head, shoulders, and chest, and provides attachment points for the ribs and back muscles. If the spine (39) __________ completely rigid, we would not be able to perform simple actions like tying our shoes or looking over our shoulder. Its unique S-shaped curve helps to distribute weight evenly and maintain balance.

Protecting the spine is crucial for overall health. The spinal cord, a major part of the central nervous system, runs down the center of the vertebrae, where it is protected by the bony structure. My health teacher always emphasized that if we wanted to avoid injury, we (40) __________ to be careful when lifting heavy objects. It's important to (41) __________ your back by exercising regularly and maintaining good posture.

In conclusion, the spine is a remarkable and essential part of our anatomy. Its combination of strong vertebrae and flexible discs provides the support we need for daily activities while allowing for a wide range of motion. Understanding its structure and function is the first step towards maintaining its health. Proper care is not just a good idea; it is (42) __________ of a long and active life.

Have you ever experienced something strange? You and a friend are discussing a new brand of sneakers, and just a few hours later, an advertisement for those exact shoes appears on your Instagram or Facebook feed. It can feel like your smartphone is secretly listening to your conversations. While that’s a common fear, the reality is a bit more complex, and it has everything to do with the digital footprints we leave behind every time we go online.

The truth is, your phone probably isn't listening. Instead, tech companies use highly sophisticated data tracking methods that are much more effective. When you browse the internet, small files called 'cookies' are stored on your device, tracking the websites you visit. If you search for a flight to Da Nang on the Bamboo Airways website, that information is recorded. Later, when you are scrolling through social media, the system recognizes your interest and shows you ads for that airline. This interconnected web of data sharing between search engines, social media platforms, and online shops is what makes the ads seem so magically relevant.

Every 'like', share, search query, and even how long you look at a picture contributes to building a detailed digital profile of you. This profile doesn't necessarily have your name on it, but it contains your interests, age range, location, and shopping habits. This information is incredibly valuable. Advertisers pay tech companies to show their ads to specific profiles. They aren't buying your identity; they are buying access to a category of user, like 'a 15-year-old in Ho Chi Minh City who is interested in K-pop and bubble tea.'

This system of targeted advertising has both benefits and drawbacks. On one hand, it can be helpful. You might discover a new product or service that you genuinely need or find a great deal on an item you were already considering. The ads are more relevant to your life than random commercials. On the other hand, there are significant privacy concerns. Many people feel uncomfortable knowing their online behavior is being constantly monitored and analyzed. It can also create an 'echo chamber', where you are only shown things that fit your existing preferences, limiting your exposure to new ideas.

Ultimately, understanding the basics of how targeted advertising works makes you a more informed digital citizen. While these systems are a core part of how many 'free' online services make money, you are not powerless. You can take steps to protect your privacy by managing cookie settings in your browser and checking the privacy permissions for the apps on your phone. Being aware is the first step towards having a safer and more conscious online experience.