Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-128

For centuries, engineers (35) __________ simple machines to solve complex problems. One of the most basic yet effective of these is the inclined plane, which is simply a flat, supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other. The main purpose of an inclined plane is to help raise or lower an object by reducing the amount of force needed. It's a foundational tool in physics and engineering.

Imagine you need to lift a heavy box onto a truck. Lifting it straight up requires a great deal of force. (36) __________, if you use a ramp, you are essentially trading force for distance. You will have to push the box over a longer path, but the force you need to apply at any given moment is significantly less. This makes the task much easier to accomplish.

You can see inclined planes everywhere in daily life. Stairs are a type of inclined plane, allowing us to move (37) __________ to different floors with less effort than climbing a ladder. Another common example is a wheelchair ramp, a simple structure (38) __________ provides access to buildings for people with mobility challenges. Even a winding road going up a mountain follows the same principle.

The angle of the slope is a critical factor. A (39) __________ slope makes it easier to push an object, but it also means the ramp has to be much longer to reach the same height. To move (40) __________ heavy object, engineers must find the right balance. They must (41) __________ enough force to overcome gravity and friction, but the ramp helps to minimize how much is needed.

The inclined plane is an elegant demonstration of a key physics concept. It allows us to accomplish difficult tasks by spreading the work out over a greater distance. The fundamental (42) __________ is that while the total amount of work done remains the same, the force required is reduced. This simple idea has had a massive impact on construction and engineering throughout history.

Across the world, a significant shift is happening in our homes. The family dog is no longer just a guard for the house, and the cat is more than just a mouse catcher. They are increasingly viewed and treated as integral members of the family. This phenomenon, known as 'pet humanization', describes the trend of attributing human characteristics and needs to pets. It reflects a fundamental change in the human-animal bond, reshaping not only our domestic lives but also creating new economic and social dynamics.

This global trend has clear manifestations in urban Vietnam. In cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the evidence is abundant. A walk through these bustling urban centers reveals a booming pet economy, with specialized services catering to every need of these cherished companions. Pet cafes, where owners can socialize with their animals, have become popular hangouts. High-end pet spas offer grooming services that rival human salons. Furthermore, comprehensive veterinary care, exemplified by chains like Pet Mart, is now considered an essential part of responsible pet ownership, a stark contrast to the basic animal care of the past.

What is driving this profound change? Psychologists and sociologists point to several factors. As modern lifestyles lead to people getting married later or living alone, pets fill a crucial role in providing companionship and combating loneliness. These animals offer unconditional love and a non-judgmental presence, which can significantly reduce stress and improve mental well-being. This emotional support creates a powerful bond, providing them with a sense of purpose and affection. Additionally, the rise of social media has amplified the trend, as proud owners share countless photos and stories of their pets, normalizing and celebrating this deep connection.

However, this evolving relationship comes with new responsibilities and challenges. The financial commitment to a pet is greater than ever. The cost of high-quality food, regular health check-ups, insurance, and grooming can add up, becoming a significant financial burden for some families. Beyond money, the commitment is also emotional and temporal. Owning a pet is a long-term promise to care for a living being, requiring patience, training, and consistent attention. It’s a responsibility that teaches empathy and dedication, but one that should not be taken lightly.

In conclusion, the journey of pets from the backyard to the bedroom marks a major evolution in social attitudes. They have become 'fur babies' for many, occupying a central place in the family structure. This shift towards pet humanization is more than a fleeting trend; it is a reflection of our changing society, our need for connection, and our growing capacity for empathy that extends beyond the human species.