Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-11

The Apollo 11 mission was a truly (35) __________ mission that represented humanity's first landing on the Moon. On July 16, 1969, the powerful Saturn V rocket launched from Kennedy Space Center. On board the spacecraft were three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins, all prepared for their incredible journey (36) __________ space.

The journey to the Moon was not short. The spacecraft (37) __________ for four days through the vastness of space before it entered lunar orbit. During this time, the astronauts performed checks on their equipment and prepared for the most challenging part of their mission: the lunar landing. The team worked together to ensure everything was ready for the descent.

After arriving in orbit, Neil Armstrong, (38) __________ was the mission commander, and Buzz Aldrin moved into the lunar module, the 'Eagle.' They landed on the Moon's surface on July 20. As Armstrong stepped out, he said the famous words: "That's one small step for a man, one giant (39) __________ for mankind." Buzz Aldrin joined him on the surface soon after.

The two astronauts spent about two and a half hours outside. They collected lunar rock samples, took photographs, and planted an American flag. (40) __________, their work was not finished; they still had to safely launch from the Moon and rejoin Michael Collins, who was orbiting above in the main spacecraft.

The crew began their journey home, bringing back (41) __________ lunar materials for scientists to study. The mission concluded when their capsule returned (42) __________ to Earth, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24. The Apollo 11 mission was a monumental achievement in space exploration history.

Imagine this: you're sitting in the back of a car, scrolling through your phone, as it expertly navigates the morning rush hour in Ho Chi Minh City, all by itself. This isn't science fiction; it's the goal of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology. Companies worldwide are investing billions of dollars to create cars that can drive without human intervention. This technology is often categorized into 'levels', from Level 1 (basic driver assistance) to Level 5 (full automation where no steering wheel is needed). The dream is a future with safer, more efficient, and less stressful transportation for everyone.

However, turning this dream into a reality in Vietnam presents unique and immense challenges. The traffic in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City is famously chaotic. Unlike the organized traffic flow in many Western countries, Vietnamese streets are a complex dance of cars, buses, and countless motorbikes that often weave unpredictably between lanes. Pedestrians might cross the street at any moment, and traffic rules are frequently interpreted with flexibility. An AV's computer would need to process this overwhelming amount of information and make split-second decisions that even experienced human drivers find difficult.

So, how do these vehicles work? Self-driving cars rely on a sophisticated combination of sensors, including cameras, radar, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), to create a 360-degree view of their surroundings. This data is fed into a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) system, which acts as the car's brain. They are responsible for identifying other vehicles, pedestrians, and obstacles, predicting their movements, and controlling the car's steering, acceleration, and braking. The primary promise of this technology is a dramatic increase in safety by removing the single biggest cause of accidents: human error.

Recognizing this global trend, Vietnamese companies are not standing still. Vingroup, for example, has been actively developing autonomous features for its VinFast cars. Their goal is to achieve Level 3 or 4 autonomy, which means the car can handle most driving situations on its own. Testing these systems on Vietnam's complex roads is an enormous undertaking. It requires not only advanced technology but also incredibly detailed digital maps and an AI that can truly understand the local driving culture. Success would be a major technological achievement for Vietnam.

While a fully autonomous car that can perfectly handle a flooded street during a downpour in District 1 might still be many years away, the journey has begun. The development of AV technology raises important questions for our generation. It challenges us to think about the balance between technological potential and real-world practicalities, and to consider how much trust we are willing to place in artificial intelligence.