Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-105

Have you ever wondered how the electricity for your lights and computer gets to your home? The journey of electricity is a fascinating process that begins far away. This entire system starts at a special facility called a power plant, where large amounts of electricity (35) __________ using different energy sources like coal, gas, or renewable sources such as wind and solar power.

After the electricity is created, it cannot be sent directly to our homes. First, it goes to a step-up transformer, a device (36) __________ changes the voltage. To be efficient for long-distance travel, its voltage is increased to an extremely (37) __________ level. This high-voltage electricity is then sent from the power plant into a vast network of cables known as the electrical grid.

The grid is like a highway system for electricity. It allows power to (38) __________ long distances across the country without losing too (39) __________ energy. This electricity moves (40) __________ thick transmission lines, which are often supported by tall metal towers you might see in the countryside. The grid connects many power plants and communities together, ensuring a constant supply of energy.

(41) __________, this high voltage is too dangerous for homes and businesses. Therefore, before the electricity reaches your neighborhood, it must go through another type of transformer called a step-down transformer. This device does the opposite of the first one; it significantly reduces the voltage to a much safer level for everyday use.

Finally, this lower-voltage electricity is delivered through smaller, local power lines, which can be seen along streets, either overhead or underground. From these lines, the power travels to your home's electrical panel. This complex journey ensures the safe and efficient (42) __________ of power, allowing us to use our electronic devices with just the flip of a switch.

Imagine this: you're in the middle of an important exam, and you notice your close friend looking at notes they've hidden. Your heart sinks. This is one of the most common yet difficult situations a teenager can face. It's a scenario that forces you to confront conflicting values: your loyalty to a friend versus your belief in fairness and honesty. Your immediate reaction might be a mix of shock, disappointment, and confusion. What you decide to do next can have a significant impact on your friendship and your own sense of integrity.

On one hand, the bond of friendship is powerful. You might worry that reporting your friend could ruin your relationship forever. You could be labeled a 'tattletale' or a 'traitor', potentially leading to social isolation. This ethical dilemma is complicated because your instinct might be to protect your friend from getting into serious trouble. You might think about the consequences for them—a failing grade, suspension, or disappointing their parents. This loyalty creates a strong pull to simply look the other way and pretend you saw nothing.

On the other hand, there is the principle of fairness. You and your classmates have likely spent hours studying for this test. When one person cheats, it devalues the hard work of everyone else. It creates an unfair advantage and undermines the academic integrity of the entire school. If grades are curved, their dishonesty could even negatively affect your own score. Allowing cheating to go unchallenged suggests that breaking the rules is acceptable, which can harm the learning environment for all students.

In a cultural context like Vietnam, this situation can feel even more complicated. There is often considerable pressure on students to achieve high grades to honor their families and fulfill the cultural value of 'hiếu thảo' (filial piety). For many, academic success is not just a personal goal, but a duty to make their parents proud. Understanding this pressure might make you more sympathetic to your friend's actions, even if you don't agree with them. You might reason that they cheated out of desperation, not malice, making the decision of how to respond even more challenging.

So, what are your options? A confrontational approach might not be the best first step. Instead of immediately reporting them, a more measured response could be to talk to your friend in private after the exam. You could express your concern, explain how their actions affect others, and encourage them to confess to the teacher themselves. This approach respects your friendship by addressing the issue directly and compassionately, while still upholding the importance of honesty. It offers a path to resolve the problem without immediately escalating it, giving your friend a chance to do the right thing.