Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-04

Concrete is one of the most common building materials in the world. It is made by mixing cement, water, sand, and gravel. When it hardens, concrete is incredibly (35) __________ under compression, which is the force of being pushed together. However, it has a significant weakness. It is quite brittle and (36) __________ easily crack or break when pulled apart, a force known as tension.

To solve this problem, engineers use steel. Steel is an alloy known for its impressive tensile strength. This means it is very strong when being pulled or stretched. Unlike brittle concrete, steel is (37) __________, allowing it to bend slightly without breaking. This property makes it the perfect partner for concrete.

The solution is to combine the two materials to create reinforced concrete. Engineers place steel bars, often called rebar, inside the formwork before the liquid concrete is poured. (38) __________ allows the steel to be perfectly embedded within the concrete as it hardens. The result is a composite material that is much (39) __________ and more reliable than concrete alone.

This combination is brilliantly effective. The concrete component resists the compressive forces from the structure's weight. Meanwhile, the embedded steel bars (40) __________ any tensile forces, such as those caused by wind or earthquakes. Seldom (41) __________ a single material offer such a complete solution, but the synergy between these two does.

(42) __________, the invention of reinforced concrete revolutionized construction. It allows us to build everything from towering skyscrapers and long bridges to simple homes and foundations. Its strength, durability, and versatility have made it perhaps the most important building material of the modern age.

Cyberbullying is a serious challenge that teenagers face worldwide. A particularly harmful form of this is 'trolling', where anonymous users post hateful or provocative comments to upset others. In Vietnam, this issue has been highly visible, with public figures like singer Thủy Tiên facing massive, coordinated online attacks. These incidents show how damaging online hate can be, but the problem isn't limited to celebrities. It can happen on anyone's social media, from a popular TikTokker's comment section to a friend's personal Instagram post.

The psychological impact of online hate is significant because of its relentless nature. Unlike face-to-face bullying, cyberbullying can follow a person home. The pervasive nature of social media means that a negative comment can be seen by hundreds of people, amplifying feelings of shame and isolation. The anonymity of the trolls makes it worse; it feels like an attack from a faceless crowd, which can be incredibly stressful and damaging to a teenager's mental health and self-esteem.

When faced with a hateful comment, the initial instinct for many is to fight back or defend themselves. They feel an urgent need to correct the misinformation or prove the troll wrong. However, psychology experts warn that this is often the least effective strategy. Trolls are not looking for a logical debate; they thrive on getting a reaction. Engaging with them gives them the attention they crave and often leads to an escalation, pulling the victim into a negative and draining cycle of argument.

A much smarter approach can be summarized by a simple three-step rule: Ignore, Block, Report. The first and most powerful step is to ignore the comment completely. By not responding, you deny the troll their primary goal: your emotional reaction. If the harassment continues, the second step is to block the user. This is not a sign of weakness; it is an act of self-care, creating a digital boundary to protect your peace. The third step, for serious or repeated harassment, is to report the comment and the account to the platform. This helps enforce community standards and can prevent the troll from harassing others.

Ultimately, learning how to respond to online hate is a crucial skill for navigating the digital world. The goal isn't to 'win' an argument with an anonymous stranger, but to protect your own mental well-being. Remember that a troll's words are a reflection of their own issues, not your worth. By choosing not to engage and using the tools available—like blocking and reporting—you take back control and prioritize what truly matters: your health and happiness.