Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHTN môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHTN-174

(23) __________ . My friend Mark is a classic example of this. His mind is always somewhere else, which has turned his daily life into a series of small, amusing mishaps. (24) __________

Caves are fascinating natural wonders, and many are created by a slow but powerful geological process. The journey (25) __________ when rain falls through the atmosphere and absorbs carbon dioxide, creating a weak acid called carbonic acid. This acidic rainwater then seeps into the ground, finding its way into tiny cracks in soluble rocks like limestone. Limestone is a specific type of rock (26) __________ is particularly vulnerable to being dissolved by this acid. The ongoing chemical reaction between the acid and the rock plays a (27) __________ role in gradually breaking down the stone.

Over immense periods of time, often thousands or millions of years, the water continues this process, widening the small cracks until they grow into large tunnels and enormous chambers. (28) __________, the process isn't just about creating empty space; spectacular formations are also created. The same mineral-rich water drips from the ceiling, leaving tiny deposits behind. These deposits slowly (29) __________ to form stalactites and stalagmites. In the end, this entire beautiful underground world (30) __________ by the simple, patient action of water.

Many Vietnamese students feel immense pressure to succeed academically. A common belief is that staying up late to study, especially before an exam, is a necessary sacrifice. This 'all-nighter' culture is widespread among teenagers who think that more hours spent with books will guarantee better grades. However, is this really an effective strategy for learning?

Neuroscience provides a clear answer: sleep is crucial for academic success. During sleep, our brains are surprisingly active, working hard to process the day's information in a process called memory consolidation. This happens during different sleep stages, especially deep sleep and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Without enough of these stages, this vital process is interrupted, meaning that much of what you studied might not be properly stored in your long-term memory.

The consequences of sleep deprivation go beyond just feeling tired. When you don't get enough rest, your cognitive abilities suffer. Your ability to concentrate is significantly reduced, your thinking becomes slower, and your problem-solving skills are diminished. This means that even if you spent many hours studying, you might struggle to access that information effectively during an exam. In contrast, a well-rested brain is quicker, more creative, and better at recalling facts.

Ultimately, sacrificing sleep for extra study hours is a counterproductive strategy. Health experts and even government bodies, like those in Ho Chi Minh City who have adjusted school start times, recognize this growing problem. A smarter approach is to plan your study schedule well in advance, review material consistently, and protect your sleep time. This ensures your brain has the time it needs to consolidate your learning and perform at its best.

Many popular apps are advertised as 'free,' but this is often an illusion. When you don't pay with money, you usually pay with your personal data. This data—your interests, location, and contacts—is incredibly valuable. (37) __________. They then use this profile to show you highly targeted advertisements, (38) __________.

Essentially, your attention becomes the product being sold to advertisers. (39) __________. So, while you might not enter your credit card details, it's crucial to understand this exchange, (40) __________.

A. making it more likely that you will buy their products

B. as the information you share can be used in ways you did not expect

C. This business model is what powers a large part of the digital economy

D. This allows companies to build a detailed profile about your habits and preferences