Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHTN môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHTN-159

(23) __________ This process bridges the gap between past reflection and future aspiration. It provides a clear framework for turning abstract desires into concrete actions, which unfolds in a logical sequence. (24) __________

Have you ever wondered how your eyes see the world around you? It's a complex process, but it happens in an instant. Essentially, our eyes act like a camera. (25) __________ part of the eye, from the clear cornea at the front to the retina at the back, plays a specific and vital role.

First, light from an object enters the eye (26) __________ the pupil, which is the black circle in the center. The lens then focuses this light. This has a major (27) __________ on how clear the image is. The focused light creates an upside-down image on the retina. Amazingly, the millions of cells in the retina immediately (28) __________ this light into electrical signals. (29) __________, these signals are sent along the optic nerve to the brain.

If the brain didn't interpret these signals, the information (30) __________ be useless. The brain flips the image the right way up and tells us what we are looking at. It's a truly amazing collaboration!

For many teenagers, leather goods like sneakers, bags, and jackets are key fashion items. However, the production of traditional animal leather raises ethical questions about animal welfare and has a significant environmental impact. In response, science is offering a revolutionary alternative: lab-grown leather. This new material is gaining attention, especially among young consumers who want their style choices to also be responsible choices, blending fashion with a conscience.

So, how is this 'bio-leather' made? Instead of coming from animals, it is grown using biotechnology. One of the most promising methods involves using mycelium, which is the root structure of mushrooms. These roots can be grown into a solid mat that looks and feels very much like leather. Another innovative process uses engineered yeast to produce collagen, the same protein that makes up animal skin. This collagen is then formed into a leather-like material.

The advantages of bio-leather are clear. It is cruelty-free, meaning no animals are harmed. Its production also typically uses less water and fewer harmful chemicals than traditional leather tanning. However, the technology is not without its challenges. Currently, production costs are high, and scaling up to meet global demand is a major hurdle. Convincing a market accustomed to traditional leather to adopt this new material is also not a minor task.

While countries like Vietnam have a large and established leather and footwear industry that still relies on conventional animal hides, local innovators and fashion brands are watching these global developments closely. They see the potential for a more sustainable future. As this technology improves and becomes more affordable, bio-leather could transform the fashion industry, offering a future where the accessories we love are both stylish and kind to the planet.

An ecosystem is a delicate web of life where every species plays a part. However, this balance can be shattered by the introduction of an invasive species. A prime example is the zebra mussel in North America's Great Lakes. (37) __________. They attached to hard surfaces, clogging water pipes and costing millions in damages.

More devastatingly, they filtered massive amounts of plankton from the water, (38) __________. This single change triggered a chain reaction. (39) __________. The clearer water they created also allowed sunlight to penetrate deeper, (40) __________. This illustrates how one species can cause an entire ecosystem to unravel.

A. With less food, native fish populations declined, which in turn affected the birds that preyed on them

B. promoting the growth of harmful algae on the lakebed

C. Originally from Eastern Europe, these small mussels arrived in the 1980s and reproduced rapidly

D. which was the main food source for many native fish