Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hưng Yên môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HYE-57

Energy conversion is a fundamental process in our daily lives. It's the change of energy from one form to another. Think about a simple lamp (29) __________ you plug into the wall. It takes electrical energy and changes it into light and heat energy.

This principle (30) __________ not only in technology but also in nature. For instance, plants use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Yesterday, when you (31) __________ your dinner, your body started converting the chemical energy from the food into kinetic energy so you could move. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted. (32) __________, the total amount of energy in a closed system always remains constant. This means that while the form of energy changes, the total (33) __________ of energy stays the same.

Understanding this helps us to (34) __________ progress in developing more efficient technologies, like solar panels or hybrid cars, which are designed to waste as little energy as possible during conversion.

In the world of social media, from buzzing group chats to public comment sections, a new role has emerged: the digital bystander. These are the people who witness cyberbullying but do not intervene. A bystander might see a classmate being teased in a group chat or read cruel comments on a friend’s photo. Instead of acting, they often choose to stay silent, becoming quiet observers of the online harassment.

Why do people choose to do nothing? Many bystanders hesitate because they are afraid that if they speak up, the bullies will target them next. Others feel unsure about what to say or do to help effectively. Sometimes, they might think it is ‘not their business’ or that someone else will eventually step in. This uncertainty and fear create a powerful barrier to intervention, leaving victims feeling alone.

However, a bystander’s silence is not neutral; it has a significant impact. When nobody objects to the bullying, it sends a message to the victim that everyone agrees with the hurtful behavior. This can make the victim feel even more isolated and ashamed. Furthermore, this lack of opposition empowers the bullies, making them feel that their actions are acceptable and encouraging them to continue their harmful conduct.

Fortunately, being an ‘upstander’—someone who stands up against bullying—doesn't always require a public confrontation. There are safer ways to help. You can report the abusive content to the platform administrators. You can send a private message to the victim, offering your support and letting them know they are not alone. Another powerful step is to tell a trusted adult, like a parent or a teacher, who can provide further assistance and intervene appropriately.