Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Tĩnh môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HTI-161

Deep beneath the Earth's surface, there is extremely hot, liquid rock called magma. This molten material is less dense than the solid rock surrounding it, which causes it to slowly (24) __________ towards the crust. As it ascends, it often collects in a large underground pool known as a magma chamber. This mixture consists (25) __________ not only molten rock but also a large amount of dissolved gases.

Inside this chamber, immense pressure (26) __________ over time, much like shaking a can of soda. As more magma and gas accumulate, the pressure intensifies. (27) __________, the force becomes too great for the overlying rock to withstand. This is when an eruption begins, violently forcing magma, ash, and gas out through a vent in the Earth's surface. If such a powerful eruption were to happen near a large city, it (28) __________ catastrophic damage, affecting thousands of people and the environment. Therefore, scientists monitor (29) __________ active volcanoes closely.

When you enjoy a meal, you probably think about the ingredients, but not the ground they came from. Soil is a vital resource, yet we often overlook its health. Soil degradation, which is the decline in soil quality, is a serious environmental problem affecting the entire planet. This 'invisible' issue directly threatens our ability to grow food, making it a critical concern for global food security and the future of farming everywhere, including in Vietnam.

The causes of soil degradation can be divided into two main categories. There are natural causes, such as erosion from strong winds and heavy rain, which slowly wear away the topsoil. However, human activities are often a much bigger problem. Actions like deforestation (cutting down forests) and intensive farming, where the same crop is grown repeatedly without giving the soil time to recover, significantly accelerate the damage to this precious resource.

In Vietnam, especially in agricultural regions like the Central Highlands, the effects of human activity are clear. The improper use of chemical fertilizers for valuable cash crops like coffee is a major contributor to soil degradation. While these chemicals can boost production in the short term, their overuse makes the soil acidic and less fertile over time. This reduces its ability to support healthy plant growth, creating a long-term problem for local farmers and the nation's agricultural output.

Fortunately, it is not too late to act. Farmers and governments are working on solutions to protect and restore soil health. Sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation (planting different crops in sequence) and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones, can help rebuild soil quality. Initiatives from Vietnam's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development also aim to promote these better practices. Protecting the soil is essential for ensuring we can feed future generations.